chap 5, 8

Question 1

5km cest combien en metre

Answer 1

5000m

Question 2

5cm cest combien en km

Answer 2

500,000km

Question 3

Exercise: If the graphic scale shows by measurement
that 2 cm represents 5 km, what is the RF of your map?

Answer 3

The RF is 1:250,000

Question 4

Exercise: You have a map with a RF of 1:75,000 and
you want to draw a graphic scale representing 1 km
on it. How long should be your graphic scale in cm?

Answer 4

1.33 cm on your map would represent 1 km on the
ground

Question 5

map projection

Answer 5

transforming the curve surface to a flat surface

Question 6

mercator map projection

Answer 6

preserve shape, changes areas

Question 7

equal-area map projection

Answer 7

preserve area, distorts shape (gall-peter projection)

Question 8

Mollweide projection

Answer 8

minimiza shape distortions of regions of greatest interest

Question 9

peters (gall-peters) projection

Answer 9

qual-area map, but shape not conserved, cylindrical equal-area projection, highlight the importance of the size of southern continent

Question 10

the geographic coordinate system (GIS)

Answer 10

preserves nothing but distance

Question 11

the van der grinten projection

Answer 11

does not preserve shape or area, but minimizes their distortions in all but polar regions

Question 12

robinson projection

Answer 12

preserves neither area nor shape, but reduces the distortion of both

Question 13

small scale

Answer 13

large area, more generalization, more classification

Question 14

large scale

Answer 14

smaller area, more details

Question 15

universal transverse mercator (UTM)

Answer 15

divided into 60 zones, each 6 degree wide

Question 16

state plane coordinate system (SPCS)

Answer 16

used only in the united states, which is divided into over a hundred areas

Question 17

geoid

Answer 17

more irregular than the ellipsoids but smoother than Earth’s physical surface

Question 18

Graticule

Answer 18

imaginary network of parallels and meridians

Question 19

two Coordinate systems

Answer 19

non-projection coordinate system and projected coordinate system

Question 20

non-projected coordinate system

Answer 20

geographic coordinate; based on lat/long which correspond to angles at the center of the earth based on an origin and on an ellipsoid
serve for; locating precisely each earth feature
representing the earth (3D) on a map (2D)
preserves distance, but does not preserve shape or area

Question 21

projected coordinate system

Answer 21

the mathematical transformation applied to convert a spherical coordinate system to a planar coordinate system

Question 22

different types of projections based on

Answer 22

source of projection
projection surface
flat plane
conic
cylindrical
center of projection; contact between projection surface and ellipsoid projected (point or line)
Polar (center on a pole)
Equatorial (center on the equator)
Transverse (center to a line at 90° to this earth’s polar axis (parallel to equator)
Oblique: center on a non-specific point/line

Question 23

projection preserve either

Answer 23

shape
area
distance/direction
most of everything

Question 24

multiple media to show your map

Answer 24

computer monitor
black and white, on paper
color, on paper
projected
posters

Question 25

document

Answer 25

goal of the map; source of data; types of data; design decision; intermediary versions

Question 26

evaluate

Answer 26

does the map achieve its goal?; on-going challenge of the map; ask for external perspectives

Question 27

review

Answer 27

who has the final say on your map should review it before making it public

Question 28

why do we need scale, generalization and projection

Answer 28

the earth is a huge sphere
a map is a small flat plane
we need to depict this huge sphere on a small flat plane
scale and generalization deal with the size transformation
projection deals with the shape transformation

Question 29

scale

Answer 29

map scale is the ratio between a distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the earth, with the distance on the map always expressed as one

Question 30

scale is used for

Answer 30

measuring distance between features
assessing the surface covered by a map
evaluating the size of the area mapped
keeping constant spatial relationships between features

Question 31

scale; numerical

Answer 31

representative fraction; 1:50,000

Question 32

scale; verbal statement

Answer 32

ex. one centimeter represents one kilometer

Question 33

scale; graphic/visual

Answer 33

bar scale

Question 34

RF

Answer 34

divide the earth scale by the map scale

Question 35

selection

Answer 35

are all the features selected necessary?

Question 36

dimension change

Answer 36

are all the dimensions appropriate to show the level of details

Question 37

simplification

Answer 37

how simplified can a feature be and still be recognized

Question 38

smoothing

Answer 38

how much can you smooth a fissure without losing its character

Question 39

displacement

Answer 39

are important map features interfering with one others

Question 40

enhancement

Answer 40

make it more accurate (intensification)

Question 41

unclassified scheme

Answer 41

unique visual shade to every unique data value

Question 42

quantile scheme

Answer 42

place the same number of data values in each class (but can place very different values in the same class)

Question 43

Equal-Interval Scheme

Answer 43

places boundaries between classes at regular (equal) intervals

Question 44

Natural-Breaks Scheme

Answer 44

minimize differences between values within classes and maximize differences between values in different classes (ex. makes poverty seem more significant)

Question 45

Unique Scheme

Answer 45

class boundaries can be set by external criteria (ex. a gov. program offers special funds to counties with over 25% poverty, a two-class map shows which counties qualify and which don’t)

Question 46

scale reduction

Answer 46

adapt the map at different scales

Question 47

constant scale

Answer 47

enhance the point of the map