chap 4- VOCABULARY Flashcards
Civil Liberties
concern basic rights/freedoms that are guaranteed
Civil Rights
concern the basic right to be free from unequal treatment based on certain characteristics
Selective incorporation
extending protections from the bill of rights to the state gov
Establishment clause
In the 1st amendment, the principle that gov may not est. an official religion
Free exercise clause
in the 1st amendment, the principle that government may not interfere in religious practice
Strict separation:
the strict principles in the lemon test for judging whether a law est. a religion
Accommodations
the principles that gov does not violate the establishment clause as long as it does not confer an advantage to some religions over others
Clear and present danger
court doctrine that permits restrictions of free speech if officials believes that the speech will lead to prohibited action such as violence or terrorism
Symbolic expression
an act, rather than actual speech, used to demonstrate a point of view
Hate speech
hostile statements based on someones personal characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, religions, or sexual orientation
Fighting words
expressions inherently likely to provoke violent reaction and not necessarily protected by the first amendment
Prior restraint
legal effort to stop speech before it occurs- in effect, censorship
Exclusionary rule:
the ruling that evidence obtained in an illegal search may not be introduced in a trial
Grand jury
a jury that does not decide on guilt or innocence but only on whether there is enough evidence for the case to go to trial
Double jeopardy
the principle that an individual cannot be tried twice for the same offense
