chap 3- Federalism & Nationalism VOCABULARY

Question 1

Unitary Governments

Answer 1

centralized gov where all gov powers belong to a single central agency

Question 2

Confederation

Answer 2

a group of independent states or nations that yield some of their powers to a national gov

Question 3

Diffusion

Answer 3

the spreading of policy ideas from one city/state to others

Question 4

Granted powers

Answer 4

national gov powers listed explicitly in the constitution

Question 5

Commerce clause

Answer 5

congress to regulate commerce w/ foreign nations, between states, and with Indian tribes

Question 6

Necessary and proper clause-

Answer 6

Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government.

Question 7

inherent powers

Answer 7

national gov powers implied by, but not specifically named in, the constitution

Question 8

Supremacy clause

Answer 8

the constitutional declaration (article 6 sec2) that the national Govs authority prevails over any conflicting state or local government claims, provided the power is granted to the federal government

Question 9

Reserved powers

Answer 9

the constitutional guarantee (10th amendment) that the states retain gov authority not explicitly granted to the national gov

Question 10

Concurrent powers-

Answer 10

gov authority shared by national/ state govs, such as the power to tax

Question 11

Full faith and credit clause

Answer 11

constitutional requirement (article 4 sec1) that each state recognize and uphold laws passed by another state

Question 12

Dual federalism

Answer 12

clear division of governing authority between national and state govs

Question 13

cooperative federalism

Answer 13

mingled governing authority, w/ functions overlapping across national and state govs

Question 14

Grants-in-aid

Answer 14

national got funding provided to state/local govs

Question 15

New federalism-

Answer 15

a version of cooperative federalism, but w/ less oversight by the federal gov and more control on the state and local level

Question 16

Block grants

Answer 16

national gov funding provided to state/local govs, w/ few restrictions

Question 17

Progressive federalism

Answer 17

modern federalism variant in which the national gov sets broad goals for a program and relies on state innovations to achieve them

Question 18

Unfunded mandate-

Answer 18

an obligation imposed on state or local gov officials by federal legislation, without sufficient federal funding support to cover the costs

Question 19

devolution

Answer 19

the transfer of authority from national to state/ local gov level

Question 20

Civic voluntarism

Answer 20

citizens voluntarily participating in public life without gov incentives or coercion