CHAP 4 - Formation

Question 1

collection of traits and dispositional characteristics that define an individual.

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

the degree to which one’s values, attitudes, and outlooks emphasize and facilitate establishing and maintaining connection to others.

Answer 2

Relationality

Question 3

dispositional tendency to seek out others.

Answer 3

Need for Affiliation

Question 4

the desire to be part of and be accepted by a group

Answer 4

Inclusion

Question 5

corresponds with the need for power

Answer 5

Control

Question 6

A feeling of apprehension and embarrassment experienced when anticipating or actually interacting with other people.

Answer 6

Social Anxiety

Question 7

a theory by Festinger that assumes that people, when facing ambiguous situations, seek out others and compare their reactions and interpretations to their own.

Answer 7

Theory of Social Comparison

Question 8

type of social comparison that compares oneself to others who are performing more effectively relative to oneself.

Answer 8

Upward Social Comparison

Question 9

type of social comparison that compares oneself to others who are performing less effectively relative to oneself.

Answer 9

Downward Social Comparison

Question 10

A theory proposed by Abraham Tesser which assumes that individuals maintain and enhance self-esteem by associating with high-achieving individuals who excel in areas that are not relevant to their own sense of self-esteem and avoiding association with high-achieving individuals who excel in areas that are important to their sense of self-esteem.

Answer 10

Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) Model

Question 11

A sense of belonging, emotional support, advice, guidance, tangible assistance, and spiritual perspective given to others when they experience stress, daily hassles, and more significant life crises.

Answer 11

Social Support

Question 12

[sources of support] express their caring and concern for one another, often by listening to others’ problems without offering criticism or suggestions, encouraging them, and showing general approval

Answer 12

Emotional Support

Question 13

[sources of support] helps members deal with existential dilemmas and threats to their worldview

Answer 13

Spiritual Support

Question 14

Feelings of desperation, boredom, self-deprecation, and depression experienced when individuals feel their personal relationships are too few or too unsatisfying.

Answer 14

Loneliness

Question 15

Joins larger, competitive, goal oriented environments

Answer 15

Men

Question 16

Gravitates towards smaller, supportive groups that foster intimacy

Answer 16

Women

Question 17

dispositional tendency to seek warm, positive relationships with others

Answer 17

Need for Intimacy