Chap 4 Flashcards
Passive flexibility
PROM
Myostatic contracture
musculotendinous unit shortened but no specific muscle pathology present
Pseudomyostatic contracture
associated with a central nervous system lesion. Or muscle spasm or guarding
type of stretching
manual/mechanical passive/assisted self stretching Neuromuscular facilitation and inhibition techniques (PNF) Muscle energy techniques Joint mobilization Soft tissue mobilization Neural tissue mobilization (neuromeningeal mobilization)
Indication for use of stretching
ROM is limited because soft tissues have lost their extensibility as the result of adhesions, contractures and scar tissue formation, causing activity limitations (functional limitations) or participation restrictions (disability)
Restricted motion may lead to structural deformities that are otherwise preventable
Muscle weakenss and shortening of opposing tissue have led to limited ROM
May be a component of a total fitness or sport specific conditioning program designed to prevent or reduce the risk of musculoskeletal injuries
May be used prior to and after vigorous exercise to potentially reduce postexercise muscle soreness
CI to stretching
A bony block limits joint motion
There was a recent fracture and bony union is incomplete
There is evidence of an acute inflammatory or infectious process (heat and swelling) or soft tissue healing could be disrupted in the restricted tissue and surrounding region
There is sharp, acute pain with joint movement or muscle elongation
A hematoma or other indication of tissue trauma
Hypermobility
Shortend soft tissue provide necessary joint stability in lieu of normal structural stability or neuromuscular control
Shortened soft tissue enable a patient with paralysis or severe muscle weakness to perform specific functional skills otherwise not possible
elasticity
is the ability of soft tissue to return to its pre stretch resting length directly after a short duration stretch force has been removed
viscoelasticity or vicoelastic deformation
is a time dependent property of soft tissue that initially resists deformation such as a change in length of the tissue when a stretch force is first applied. If a stretch force is sustained, viscoelasticity allows a change in the length of the tissue and then enable the tissue to return gradually to its prestretch state after the stretch force has been removed
Plasticity or plastic deformation
is the tendency of soft tissue to assume a new and greater length after the stretch force has been removed
collagen fibres
are responsible for the strength and stiffness of tissue and resist tensile deformation
Elastin fibers
provide extensibility they show a great deal of elongation with small loads and fail abruptly without deformation at higher loads
Reticulin fibers
provide tissue with bulk
Ground substance
Made up of proteoglycans (PGs) and glycoproteins. The PGs function to hydrate the matrix, stabilize the collagen networks and resist compressive force (this is important in cartilage and intervertebral disc). The glycoproteins provide linkage between the matrix components and between the cells and matrix opponents. in essence, the ground substance is mostly an organic gel containing water that reduces friction between fibers, transports nutrients and metabolites and may help prevent excessive cross linking between fibers by maintaining space between fibres
Dynamic flexibility
AROM, active muscle contraction
