Chap 4 Flashcards
What causes infectious diseases
infection of pathogens directly through mediums and vectors
What causes non infectious diseases
genetic factor or lifestyle
what are the two ways airbone diseases are transmitted?
droplet transmission, dust transmission
What is droplet transmission
pathogen-containing droplet sprays from the infected person through sneezing, coughing etc
What is dust transmission
bacteria in the spit of an infected person dry up n form spores which are spread together with dust in the air
What does the first line of defence do
prevents pathogens from entering the body
What does the second line of defence do
fights pathogens through phagocytosis
what does the third line of defence do
fight pathogens by producing antibodies
what is antibodies
a protein produced by white blood cells into the bloodstream in response to antigens
what is antigens
a foreign substance that comes from outside the body (examples r like pathogens)
whats the function of skin in the first line of defence
to secrete sweat and sebum
whats the function of white blood cells in the second line of defense
act as phagocytosis by engulfing and digesting the pathogens
what does vaccines do
vaccines contain antigens that will stimulate the body’s immune system, in result forming immunity against certain infections
Immunity can be classified into :
passive immunity and active immunity
Natural Passive immunity is obtained through:
antibodies from mother’s blood and breast milk
characteristic of Natural passive immunity
-temporary and short lived immunity
- immunity disappears after a few months
Artificial passive immunity is obtained through:
antibodies from antiserum injection
Characteristics of artificial passive immunity
- the immunity is fast and temporary
- immunity disappears after a few months
Natural active immunity occurs when
a person recovers from an infection
What are waterbone diseases
infection through pathogens contaminating water
what do you call animals that transmit pathogens from one host to another
vectors
Characteristic of natural active immunity is
the immunity lasts long after the infection
artificial active immunity occurs when
vaccine that contains dead/weakened pathogen is injected into the body and the immune system responds by producing antibodies
characteristic of artificial immunity
the immunity lasts long after the infection
how does the immune system become weak
when there is an imbalance in the body or too much toxins
