Chap 3 Flashcards
Name the 7 main classes of food
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fat
Vitamin
Mineral
Fibre
Water
Vitamins can be classified in 2 categories, which are:
Water soluble vitamins, Fat soluble vitamins
whats the meaning of water soluble vitamins
- they dissolve in the water in ur body
- easily lost through urine.
-have to replenish more often
whats the meaning of fat soluble vitamins
- they are absorbed and transported in a manner similar to that of fats
What are water soluble vitamins
vitamin B and C
What are some fat soluble vitamins
vitamin A, D, E and K
Whats a mineral
a non organic substance required by the body
6 examples of minerals
calcium, sodium, iron, iodine, phosphorus, potassium
What does water act as
water act as a transportation medium of nutrients and oxygen into the cells
water also regulates body temperature through sweat
what test do we use to test for presence of starch
iodine test
what test do we use to test for glucose
benedict’s test
what test do we use to test for protein?
Millon’s test
what test do we use to test for fat
alcohol emulsion test
what is food digestion
the process of breaking down food that is complex and large into molecules that are soluble to be absorbed by cells.
Salivary amylase in the saliva breaks down starch into ?
maltose
what is food that enters the oesophagus called?
bolus
walls of stomach secrete:
protease and hydrochloric acid
What is physical digestion?
- process of breaking down food into smaller particles
- involves peristalsis
- happens in mouth
- does not involve enzymes
- happen in digestive tract
there are 2 different processes of digestion, these are:
Physical, Chemical
What does hydrochloric acid do?
Activates the protease n kills bacteria in the food that enters the stomach
what is chemical digestion
- process of breaking down food from complex molecules into simple molecules
- happens in mouth, stomach, duodenum and intestine
- involves enzymes
- happen in digestive tract
What do you call food that is semi liquid
chyme
what does the liver produce and where is it stored?
bile, stored in gall bladder
what does the bile do?
emulsifies fat into small droplets and neutralises the acid in chyme
the pancreas produces pancreatic juice which contain enzymes:
amylase, protease and lipase
Pancreatic amylase digests ______ into _________?
starch into maltose
Protease digests ______ into ________?
polypeptides into dipeptides
Lipase digests ______ into _______ and _____?
fat into fatty acids and glycerol
the small intestine secretes enzymes maltase which digests ________ into ____ and enzymes protease which digests ________ into ___________?
digests maltose into glucose,
digests dipeptides into amino acids
what process happens in the large intestine
water reabsorption
food that is undigested, known as faeces is stored in here.
rectum
what would happen if there are no enzymes?
digestion process happens at a very slow rate
name three digestive enzymes and state their functions
Amylase which is used to digest starch into maltose,
Protease which digests polypeptides into dipeptides
Lipase which digests fat into fatty acids n glycerol
Whats the function of the many folds on the surface of the small intestine
to add to the surface area n increase the absorption rate
what is the function of the blood vessels in the small intestine
transport nutrients to all parts of the body
what is assimilation
process of distributing the end products of digestion for the use of the cells in our body
What does the blood circulatory system do
transports small and simple molecules to the cells of the body
end products of assimilation are distributed for:
formation of new cells, respiration and regulation of body temperature
