Chap 37

Question 1

function of kidneys

Answer 1

remove waste from blood to form urine

Question 2

function of ureters

Answer 2

transport urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 3

function of urethra

Answer 3

urine travels from bladder and exits through urethra

Question 4

function of bladder

Answer 4

reservoir for urine until urge to urinate

Question 5

anuria

Answer 5

24 hr urine output is less than 50 mL

Question 6

dysuria

Answer 6

painful/difficult urination

Question 7

frequency

Answer 7

increased incidence of voiding

Question 8

glycosuria

Answer 8

presence of glucose in urine

Question 9

nocturia

Answer 9

awakening @ night to pee

Question 10

oliguria

Answer 10

24 hr output less than 400 mL

Question 11

polyuria

Answer 11

excessive output

Question 12

proteinuria

Answer 12

protein in urine

Question 13

pyuria

Answer 13

pus in urine

Question 14

urgency

Answer 14

strong desire to void

Question 15

urinary incontinence

Answer 15

involuntary loss of urine

Question 16

micturition/voiding

Answer 16

emptying bladder

Question 17

factors influencing urination

Answer 17

• disease conditions
• medications/medical procedures
• activity/muscle tone
• developmental
• psychological factors
• food/fluid intake

Question 18

anticoagulants (color)

Answer 18

red urine

Question 19

diuretics (color)

Answer 19

pale yellow

Question 20

pyridium (color)

Answer 20

orange to orange-red

Question 21

amitriptyline/B-complex vitamin (color)

Answer 21

green to blue-green

Question 22

levodopa

Answer 22

brown/black

Question 23

urinary retention

Answer 23

accumulation of urine due to inability to void

Question 24

urinary tract infection

Answer 24

bacteria in urinary tract

Question 25

urinary diversion

Answer 25

diversion of urine to external source

Question 26

causes of urinary retention

Answer 26

• medications
• edema/infection/tumor of prostate in males
• urethral obstruction
• anesthesia/paralysis/neurological

Question 27

assessments for urinary retention

Answer 27

• medications
• how long since last void
• is bladder palpable?
• previous diagnoses
• any trauma/injury to urethra?
• any change in color/consistency of urine?

Question 28

interventions for urinary retention

Answer 28

• catheterization
• surgery
• medication

Question 29

risk factors/causes of UTI

Answer 29

• catheter insertion
• urinary stasis
• improper hygiene
• invasive procedures

Question 30

interventions for UTI

Answer 30

• increase fluid intake/water/cranberry juice
• anti-infectives
• education

Question 31

patients @ risk for UTI

Answer 31

• sexually active women
• women using diaphragms for contraception
• postmenopausal women
• indwelling catheter pt
• diabetes mellitus
• older adults

Question 32

transient incontinence

Answer 32

appears suddenly and lasts 6 months or less

Question 33

mixed incontinence

Answer 33

void w/ features of 2 or more other types

Question 34

overflow incontinence

Answer 34

overdistention & overflow of bladder

Question 35

functional incontinence

Answer 35

caused by factors outside urinary tract

Question 36

reflex incontinence

Answer 36

emptying bladder w/out sensation of need to void

Question 37

total incontinence

Answer 37

continuous/unpredictable loss of urine

Question 38

stress incontinence

Answer 38

involuntary loss of urine related to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure

Question 39

interventions for overflow incontinence

Answer 39

• intermittent catheterization

- condom catheter

Question 40

interventions for functional incontinence

Answer 40

• schedule toileting
• absorbent products
• clothing modifications
• environmental alteration

Question 41

interventions for stress incontinence

Answer 41

• pelvic floor exercises

- surgical intervention

Question 42

interventions for urge incontinence

Answer 42

• medication/lifestyle changes
• pelvic floor exercises
• bladder retraining
• absorbent products

Question 43

interventions for hyperactive/overactive bladder

Answer 43

• pelvic floor exercises
• fluid intake 1.5-2 L a day
• limit carbonation & caffeine
• bladder training

Question 44

assessment for urinary

Answer 44

• history of urination pattern & symptoms
• physical assessment
• characteristics of urine
• patient’s perception of problems
• lab/diagnostic testing

Question 45

skin and mucosal membrane assessment

Answer 45

assess hydration

Question 46

kidneys assessment

Answer 46

flank pain may occur w/ infection or inflammation

Question 47

bladder assessment

Answer 47

distended bladder rises above symphysis pubis

Question 48

urethral meatus assessment

Answer 48

observe for discharge, inflammation, and lesions

Question 49

assessment of urine

Answer 49

• intake/output
• color
• clarity
• odor
• urine testing

Question 50

types of urine specimens

Answer 50

• routine analysis
• clean-catch/midstream
• sterile specimens w/ indwelling cath
• from urinary diversion
• 24-hr specimen

Question 51

CDC indwelling catheter reasons

Answer 51

• pt has acute urinary retention/bladder output obstruction
• need accurate urine output measurements
• selected surgical procedure
• assist in healing open sacral/perineal wound
• requires prolonged immoblization
• end of life care

Question 52

straight/intermittent/in-and-out caths

Answer 52

used to empty bladder and then removed

Question 53

when should you perform cath care?

Answer 53

every 8 hrs & PRN

Question 54

cath care

Answer 54

• wash w/ soap and warm water
• check for kinks/leakage
• keep drainage bag below level of bladder

Question 55

surgical asepsis

Answer 55

• sterile touches sterile only
• only sterile on sterile field
• once out of range of vision and an object is below waist line, it is contaminated
• sterile object is contaminated by prolonged air exposure
• when sterile gets wet, contaminated
• fluid flows in direction of gravity
• edges of field are contaminated