chap 29 Flashcards
types of drug names
- chemical
- generic
- trade
classification of drug
- effect drug has on body
- symptoms medication relieves
- desired effect
medication forms
capsules, tablets, extended release, lotion, ointment, powder, syrup, inhalants, etc
pharmokinetics
study of movement of drugs within the body
4 processes of pharmokinetics
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism
- excretion
in order for a medication to be considered therapeutic
must be absorbed, distributed to cells/tissues, and alter physiological function
factors that influence absorption
- route of administration
- ability to dissolve
- blood flow to site
- body surface area
- lipid solubility
topical route
slowest rate
mucous membrane/respiratory tract route
quick rate
IV route
quickest rate
oral route
- takes time
- cheaper
- pt prefers
when a site of administration requires high blood supply, ….
medication absorbs quickly
absorption
passage of meds into the bloodstream from the site of administration
distribution
drug molecules are transported throughout body to where they take action
distribution speed depends on
- adequacy of blood circulation
- protein binding
- selectively permeable blood-brain barrier
metabolism
change of an active drug from its original form to an inactivated or new form
what is the primary site for drug metabolism
liver
what would happen if the liver was damaged and could not function properly
it would take longer to metabolize and can lead to toxicity
how much liquid is needed for proper excretion
8-9 cups a day
medication leave/excrete from body through
- kidney
- liver
- bowel
- lungs
- exocrine glands
where do kidneys excrete most drugs?
through urine
with a decrease in renal function
increase risk of toxicity
if a pt experiences a decrease in renal function, what should the nurse do
lower the dosage
therapeutic effect
expected or desired outcome
side effect
unavoidable secondary effects, predictable, mild, tolerated
adverse effect
harmful effects that lead to injury
-some immediate, some take weeks/months to develop
toxic effect
accumulation of medication in bloodstream
allergic reaction
severe is anaphylaxis
drug tolerance
body gets used to effects of a drug
-larger does required
drug interaction
one medication modifies the action of another medication
additive effect
drugs w/ similar actions results in an increase in the overall effect
synergistic effect
combined effect of 2 or more meds is greater than the effect of meds given separately
idiosyncratic reaction
overreaction, underreaction, or different reaction from most other pts
antagonistic effect
combined drugs alter overall sum effect or negate each other’s effects
interference
one drug interferes with the metabolism of another
displacement
one drug binds to protein site and forces another drug to be displaced
onset
time it takes for med to produce a response
peak
time at which a med reaches its highest effective concentration
trough
minimum blood serum concentration before next scheduled dose
duration
time medication takes to produce greatest results
in order to keep pt in therapeutic range
must administer medication around the clock
oral
swallowed, buccal
parenteral
epidural, IV, etc
topical
skin, mucous membranes, eyes, ears
standing or routine order
administered until the dosage is change or another med is prescribed
PRN order
given when pt requires it
single order
given one time only for a specific reason
STAT order
given immediately in emergency, DROP EVERYTHING
now order
when a medication is needed right away, a little wiggle room
prescription order
medication to be taken outside of hospital
6 rights of medication administration
- right pt
- right drug
- right dose
- right route
- right time
- right documentation
nurses roles in med administration
- determining if ordered med is correct
- clarify confusion on medication orders
- assess pt ability to self-administer
- determine whether pt should receive
- administer correctly
- check order 3 times
- closely monitor
- provide pt teaching
- do not delegate this task
patients have the right to
- be informed about med
- refuse a med
- have a medication history
- be properly advised about experimental nature of medication
- receive labeled medication safely
- receive supportive therapy
- not receive unnecessary meds
- be informed if med is part of research study
narcotics
- must be counted by an oncoming shift nurse and an off-going nurse
- any discrepancies notify the nursing supervisor immediately
