Chap. 3

Question 1

Average depth of ocean

Answer 1

5,000 meters

Question 2

Greek geographer posidonius used

Answer 2

a large rock attached to rope to measure depth

Question 3

used to measure deep depths

Answer 3

echo sounder

Question 4

multi-beam

Answer 4

like having 100 echo sounders

Question 5

satellites used to measure

Answer 5

sea surface elevation

Question 6

Continental margin

Answer 6

continental shelf, slope, shelf break, rise

Question 7

Deep Ocean

Answer 7

seamounts, guyots, abyssel plains

Question 8

Mid- Ocean ridge

Answer 8

Rift valley

Question 9

Passive Margin

Answer 9

seafloor spreading (Atlantic ocean)

Question 10

Active Margin

Answer 10

Subduction trench (pacific ocean)

Question 11

Submarine Canyons

Answer 11

on slope

Question 12

Abyssal Plain

Answer 12

Deep sea (4K-6K)
covers roughly 30% of earth

Question 13

Abyssal Plain features

Answer 13

Island(>1km tall)

seamount (

Question 14

Trenches

Answer 14

mostly in pacific

deepest in the world is Mariana trench 11,000 meter

Question 15

Lithogenous/ Terrigenous

Answer 15

land- weathering- rivers, wind, ice (largest by Volume)

Abyssal clay or red clay 70%

Question 16

Biogenous

Answer 16

marine shells- calcium- silica (largest by area)

Question 17

Hydrogenous

Answer 17

Precipitated from water

slow to form in high sediments

Question 18

Cosmogenous

Answer 18

outer space

tektites

Question 19

well sorted particle

Answer 19

low energy

Question 20

poorly sorted particles

Answer 20

High energy

Question 21

Neritic

Answer 21

closer to shore

Question 22

Pelagic

Answer 22

Deep Ocean

Question 23

Siliceous Ooze (warm water)

Answer 23

Phytoplankton (plants): diatoms cold water

Zooplankton (animals): radiolaria warm water

Question 24

Calcareous Ooze (cold water)

Answer 24

coccolithophorids
snails
amoeba

Question 25

Silica

Answer 25

found in areas of high marine production

Question 26

lysocline

Answer 26

depth at which calcium carbonate starts to dissolve