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Psychology Of Adjustment > Chap 2 > Flashcards

Chap 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality trait

A

Habitual patters of behaviour thought and emotion

(Consistent and stable over time)
(Distinctive)

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2
Q

Personality

A

Unique collection of behaviour traits

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3
Q

Personality used to explain…

A
  • behavioural differences of people in the same situation
  • stability in behaviour over time
  • stability in behaviour across situations
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4
Q

Narcissism

A

Inflated sense of their own importance
May be attractive at first but then they become unlikable
Growing trend

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5
Q

Factor analysis

A

correlations among many variables are analyzed to identify closely related clusters of variables.

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6
Q

5 factor model ( mccrae and costa)

A

Openness
Consciousness
Extraversion
Agreeable nessus
Neuroticism

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7
Q

Psychodynamic theories

A

Include all the diverse theories descended from the work of FREUD that focus on unconcious mental forces (Also include JUNG and ADLER)

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8
Q

Freud psychoanalysis

A

Unconscious influence behaviour(especially sexual thoughts)
Conflict and defence mechanisms
Psychosexual stages

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9
Q

structure of personality (freud)

A

id
ego
superego

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10
Q

id

A

primitive opperates according to pleasure

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11
Q

ego

A

decision making opperates according to reality

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12
Q

superego

A

moral compnent incorparates socail standards right and wrong

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13
Q

conscious

A

consists of whatever one is aware of at a particular point in time

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14
Q

preconscious

A

contains material just beneath the surface of awareness that can be easily retrieved

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15
Q

unconscious

A

contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness

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16
Q

Intrapsychic conflict

A

Dominates daily lives (routine) and causes anxiety

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17
Q

Intrapsychic conflict anxiety

A

Lead to heavy reliance on defence mechanisms when conflict is left to linger for a long time

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18
Q

Sex and aggression (Freud)

A

Needs that are subject to complex social controls and thwarted

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19
Q

Defence mechanisms

A

Unconscious recation that protects people from negative emotions

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20
Q

Freud defence mechanisms

A
  • rationalisation
  • repression
  • projection
  • displacement
  • reaction
  • regression
  • identification
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21
Q
  • rationalisation
A

False but plausible excuse to justify behaviour (not studying because you wanted to go out and justifying it because it’s just an extra class and not need for grades)

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22
Q
  • repression
A

Keep distressing thoughts/feeling in the unconscious (blocking out a memory as if it never existed)

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23
Q
  • projection
A

Passing off own feelings and motive as if they were someone else’s ( think you like someone and they don’t like you when actually you don’t like them)

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24
Q
  • displacement
A

Taking out negative feelings on so.ething that isn’t the source (had a rough day at work so takes anger out on wife and kids)

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25
Q
  • reaction
A

Behaving the opposite way of true feelings (bullying a person because deep down you actually have feelings that you are afraid to admit )

26
Q
  • regression
A

Reverison to immature behaviour patterns (an adult slamming doors and throwing a tantrum)

27
Q
  • identification
A

Boosting self-esteem by identifying with a gourmet or person that is of a high standard. ( insecure man joing frat house)

28
Q

Psychosexual stages

A

Development stages with characteristics sexual focus

29
Q

Psychosexual stages (freud)

A

Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latent
Genitalia

30
Q

Oral

A

0-1
Mouth (biting sucking)

31
Q

Oral

A

0-1
Mouth (biting sucking)

32
Q

Anal

A

2-3
Anus (Potty training)

33
Q

Phallic

A

4-5
Genitals (masturbate)

34
Q

Latency

A

6-12
None (sexually repressed)

35
Q

Genitals

A

13+
Genitals (sexually intimate)

36
Q

Oedipal complex

A

During phallic stage - Erotic desires for other sex parent

37
Q

Carl Jung - analytical psyc theory

A

Collective unconscious and archetypes
first to describe the personality dimension of extraversionintroversion

38
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Store house of Latent memory taces inherited from ancestral past shared across entire human race (called ancestral memories archetypes)

39
Q

Archetypes

A

Emotional charges images/thought forms have universal meaning (e.g main character energy) often manifested in a culture’s use of symbols in art, literature, and religion

40
Q

Extraverion

A

Energised by having out with people

41
Q

Introversion

A

Energised by spending time alone

42
Q

Adler individual psyc

A

Humans strive for superiority not sexuality

43
Q

Compensation

A

efforts to overcome imagined/real inferiorities by developing one’s abilities.

44
Q

Inferiority complex

A

Exaggerated feelings of weakness and inadequacy
Caused by parental neglect/pampering
Can cause overcompensation

45
Q

Overcompensating for inferiority complex

A

Plus underdeveloped social interest Leads to superiority complex

46
Q

Superiority complex

A

Flaunting wealth and success to show you aren’t inferior despite still feeling so

47
Q

Psychodynamic perspectives

A
  • unconscious influence behaviour
  • internal conflict key role in psyc distress
  • early childhood experiences influence adult personality
  • rely on defence mechanisms to reduce unpleasant emotions
48
Q

Behaviourism

A

Theoretical orientation based on premise that scientific psyc should study observable behaviour

49
Q

Pavlov theory

A

classical conditioning

50
Q

Classical conditioning

A

Type of learning where neutral stimuli gains the ability to envoke a response that was originally caused by another stimuli (UCS)

51
Q

(USC) unconditioned stimulus

A

Envokes and unconditioned response (UCR) without conditioning

52
Q

(UCR)

A

Unlearned response to (UCS) with out conditioning

53
Q

Conditioned stimulus (CR)

A

Previously neutral stimuli acquired compacity to envoke conditioned response (CR)

54
Q

Conditioned response (CR)

A

Learned response to conditioned stimulus

55
Q

Extinction of conditioned stimulus

A

gradual weakening/disappearance of a conditioned response

56
Q

Skinner operation conditioning

A

Form of learning in which voluntary response can be controlled by controlled by consequences

57
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Response strengthened through positive stimuli

58
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

Strengthening of response through removal of negative stimuli

59
Q

Punishment

A

Response weakened due to arrival of negative stimuli

60
Q
A

Psychology Of Adjustment (3 decks)

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