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Psychology Of Adjustment > Chap 1 > Flashcards

Chap 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Adjustment

A

Psychological process of people managing/coping with demands and changes of every day life (like adaptations in animals)

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2
Q

Point 1 - time saving devices

A

Counterpoint - People complain about not having enough time

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3
Q

Point - increased life choices

A

Counter point - choice overload which leads to post decisions regret/ depression and anxiety levels have gone up

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4
Q

Point - technology has increased control of the world around us

A

Counterpoint - modern tech has had negative impact on the environment

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5
Q

Point - technology has increased control of the world around us

A

Counterpoint - modern tech has had negative impact on the environment

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6
Q

Paradox of progress

A

Technology advancement has not led to noticeable improvements to health and happiness

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7
Q

Basic challenge of modern life

A

The search for meaning and sense of direction

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8
Q

Flawed choices for seeking guidance

A
  • joining cults (simple solution to complex problems)
  • enroll in self realisation program scientology
  • popularity of media figures e.g Dr luara
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9
Q

Not flawed choice for seeking guidance

A
  • inner desire to spend time with loved ones
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10
Q

Self-help books shortcomings

A
  • psychobable (you have to get in touch w/ yourself)
  • emphasis on sales than scientific soundness (loose 30kg in a week)
  • don’t provide explicit directions on how to change behaviour (only gives out common sense advice)
  • encourage narcissistism (you have to look out for you)
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11
Q

Psychobable

A

Hip vague language it’s ill-defined at best and meaningless at worst

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12
Q

Narcissism

A

Personality trait makes by inflated sense of importance, need for attention, and tendency to exploit others

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13
Q

What should be in self help book

A
  • clarity in communication
  • some mention of authors’ credentials and expertise
  • some mention of research or theoretical basis that underlines the advice they give
  • detailed explicit directions on how to alter behaviour
  • books should not promise too much
  • books should focus on one problem
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14
Q

Behaviour

A

An observable response/activity by an organism

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15
Q

Psychology (science)

A

Studies behaviour and psychological/mental processes that underlines it

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16
Q

Empiricism

A

The premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation

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17
Q

advantages to scientific apporach

A
  • Clarity and precision
  • relative intolerance or error
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18
Q

Empirical technique examples

A

measuring the speed with which a patient performs a fine motor activity

observing children playing at recess and writing down every type of bullying observed as they play

weighing rats after the rats have been on a special diet for two months

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19
Q

Two types of research methods

A
  • Experimental
  • correlational
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20
Q

Experimental

A

Looking for cause and effect
How X affects Y

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21
Q

Independent variable (X)

A

The condition or event that changes

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22
Q

dependent variable (Y)

A

affected by independent variable

23
Q

experimental groups

A

subjects who receive special treatment in regards to independent variable

24
Q

control group

A

have normal conditions no special treatment (no change)

25
Q

Advantage of Experiments

A

draw cause and affect conclusions

26
Q

Disadvantage of experiments

A

some effects of variables that cannot be manipulated (as independent variables) because of ethical concerns

27
Q

Correlational

A

Looking for relationships
researchers cannot manipulate any of the variables that they’re interested in.

28
Q

correlation coefficient

A

Numerical index of degrees of relationship that exists between two variables
-1 to 0 negative
0 to +1 positive
closer to 1, the stronger the relationship regardless of neg and pos

29
Q

positive Correlation

A

Two variables co-vary in the same direction
–>
–>

30
Q

negative correlation

A

Two variables co-vary in opposite directions
–>
<–

31
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

careful observation of behavior w/o intervention

32
Q

case study

A

In-depth investigation of individual subject (generally not empirical)

33
Q

Surveys

A

Structured questionaires designed to solicit info

34
Q

Advantage correlation

A

explore questions that they could not examine with experimental procedures

35
Q

disadvantage correlation

A

cannot demonstrate conclusively that two variables are causally related.
a third variable could have cause both

36
Q

Subjective well-being

A

personal assessment of individual happiness/life satisfaction

37
Q

Not important to happiness

A
  • Money
  • Age
  • Parenthood
  • Gender
  • Intelligence
  • Atractiveness
38
Q

Somewhat important for happiness

A
  • Health
  • Social activity
  • Relgion
  • Culture
39
Q

Very important

A
  • Love/relationship satisfaction
  • Work
  • Genetics/ personality
40
Q

best predictor of individuals’ future happiness

A

Past happiness

41
Q

Religion - happiness (note)

A

In poorer societies where circumstances are difficult and stressful, people with heartfelt religious convictions are happier than people who are non-religious.

In affluent societies where circumstances are less threatening, religious people are neither more happy nor less happy than people who are non-religious.

Religion seems to help people who live with adversity feel happier, but religion may not be as much of an important factor when it comes to the overall happiness of people who live in a society where adversity is low.

42
Q

affective forecasting

A

efforts to predict one’s emotional reactions to future events

43
Q

hedonic adaptation

A

(Raising the bar) mental scale that is used to judge happiness shifts

44
Q

hedonic

A

related to pleasure

45
Q

Study habits

A

Set up schedule for studying
Find an area where you can concentrate
Reward your studying

46
Q

Improve reading

A

Highlighting if focusing on the main ideas
read than practice recall

47
Q

Get more out of lectures

A
  • use active listening
  • read ahead
  • write lecture notes in own words
  • look for (non)subtle cluesabout what is considered important
  • ask questions
48
Q

Intimacy deficit

A

Traditional sources of emotional security community has change spend more time with tech than people

49
Q

Overlearning

A

Continued rehearsals after mastering

50
Q

Overlearning

A

Continued rehearsals after mastering

51
Q

Memory principles

A
  • practice (overlearning)
  • distribute studying (don’t cram)
  • organise info outline important parts
  • go over material in depth
  • mnemonic devices
52
Q

Negative affects or cramming

A

strain your memorization capabilities, can tax your energy level, and may stoke the fires of test anxiety.

53
Q

Mnemonic device

A
  • Acronyms
  • link method
  • method of loci

Psychology Of Adjustment (2 decks)

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