1, small vessel vascultides involve the skin and are often a complication of an underlying disease 2. medium-sized= necrosis to arteries to large organs 3. large= inflam?

chap 18 Flashcards by annette markiewic

LDL

BAD cholestrol
main carrier cholesterol
uptake of LDL= tissues become saturadted and the rest is uptaken by cells near endothetial cells

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HDL

good chol
syn in liver
-reverse transport of chol, carrying cholesterol from the tissue back to the liver

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hypercholestremia

increased lvl of CHOL in the blood

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CHOL is transported in blood by

VLDL, LDL, HDL

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primary hypercholestremia and secondary hypercholestremia

genetic basis

2. obesity with high-calorie intake, sedentary lifestyle, and diabetes mellitus.

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no risk person should have LDL CHOL GOAL OF

160 MG/DL

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excess cals

ower HDL and elevate LDL

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saturated fats

influnce CHOL the raise VLDL and LDL lvls

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men are at greater risk of developing

CAD than premenopausal women probs because of estrogens

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of studies say that CRP(c-reactive proteins)

can predict future cardiovascular events in healthy ppl

-CRP is an inflamm phase reactant, so hospitalization can elevate CRP lvls.

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lipoprotein

risk fctor for the development of atherosclerosis

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fatty streak

, fibrous plaque, complicated lesion

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developement of atherosclerosis

endothial cell injury
miigration of inflamm cells.
lipid accumulation and smooth muscle cell proliferation
plaque structure

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earliest responses to elevated CHOL lvls

is the attachment of monocytes to the endothelium, where theyare transformed into macropahges. the macrophages relase free radicals that oxidize LDL (which is toxic to endothelium) this leads to platelet adhesion and aggreation.

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VASCULITIDES

group of vascular disorders that cause inflam innjury and necrosis of the blood vessel wall.

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types of vascultides

1, small vessel vascultides involve the skin and are often a complication of an underlying disease

medium-sized= necrosis to arteries to large organs
large= inflam?

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effects are similar

of the periphral vascular disorders and crnary and cerebral shit

PAD (perpiheral artery disease)

atherso in the distal part of the aorta most common in men in their 60s and 70s, heavy smokers.
+ primary symp= claudication or pain with walking
+TISSUE necrosis and pain come after
+palpation of pulses allows to see the degree of the obstruction

thromboangiitis obliterans

medium sized arts.
25-40 years men smokers
pain 
peripheral pulses and dim or gone 
chronic- malformed nails

raynaud phenomenon

functional disorder caused by intense vasospasm of arts in finger and sometimes toes

aneurysm

dilation of blood vessel
true ane= its bounded by a complete vessel wall, blood remains
flase ane= tear in wall, vessel enlargment

abd aneurysm

most common form of ane, ass with atherosc
freq in men
asymptomatic
CALCIFICATION= EXISTS ON THE WALL OF THE ANEURYSM MAY BE DETECT IN XRAY

aortic dissection

acute life threatening condition, hemmrrhage into the vessel wall forming a blood-filled channel
CB conditions that weaken layers of aorta .
pain in chest and back then pulse cannot be read

the artial blood pressure

reflects the rhythmic ejection of blood from the left ventrical into the aorta

short term reg of BP relais on

nerual and humoral mechanisms

neural mech

in medulla and pons where ANS responses occur (cardiovasular center). transmits parasym impluses to heart VIA heart and symp impluses to the blood vessels thorugh spinal cord.

vagal stim

slowing of the heart

sympatheic stim

increase in heart rate and cardiac contractability

intinsic reflex

rapid and short term reg of BP

extrinsic reflexes

mediate blood pressure responses assosiated with factors such as pain and cold.

atrial chemoreceptors

are cells that monitor the O2, CO2 and H ions in blood | can cause VASOCON

ANGIOTENSIN SHIT

renin is relased in response to ^ in sympa nervous sys or a decrease in BP. converts to angio 1 the to 2. angio 2 is the short and long term reg of BP, vasocon, and sodium excretion.

vasopressin

anitdiuretic hormone, vaso con

long term reg

KIDNEYS and extracelluar fluid

increased adrenocortical hormones

can give rise to hypertension. the faciliate salt and water retention by the kidney.

coarctation of the aorta

narrowing of the aorta | increase in systolic BP and blood flow to the upper part of the body

borth control

can cause hypertenison

hypertension increases the workload of

the left ventricle by increasing the pressure against the heart which it has to pump as it ejects blood in the sys sirc. as the workload increases, heart gotta hypertrophies to comp increased pressure work

preeclampsia-eclampsia | gestatinal hypertension

1. 140/ 90 or more and proteinuria | 2. " and no protein

orthostatic hypten

early sign of reduced BV of fluid deficit

venous sys in the legs involves two things:

superficial veins and deep venous channels

venous thormbosis (3things)

stasis of blood ^blood coagulability vessel wall injury