Chap 18 Flashcards
argument about existence, causation, or predictions
factual claim
debatable point
disputable statement about facts of existence or history
links one phenomenon to another that preceded it and led to it
casual relationship
two things occur together, but one does not necessarily lead to the other
correlation
claim that something will or will not happen in the future
claim of prediction
argument about right or wrong, moral or immoral, beautiful or ugly
value claim
argument about the need or the plan for taking action
policy claim
latin phrase that means ‘‘the existing state of affairs”
status quo
responsibility of the speaker who argues against the status quo to make the case for change
burden of proof
assumption that change is not necessary until proven otherwise
presumption
a persuasive purpose that targets audience beliefs
convince
good for value or definition speeches; sets forth standards for judgement or for inclusion in a category and then shows how the proposal meets or exceeds these standards or fits into the category
criteria-satisfaction pattern
the questions a reasonable person would need to have answered before forming a reasoned decision about a topic
stock issues
the proposed plan will actually solve the problem
solvency
motivate the audience to do something
actuate
says that humans seek stability or equilibrium; when faced with inconsistency they seek psychological balance; this may motivate then to change in order to be consistent
cognitive dissonance theory
inconsistency or clash
dissonance
links behavioral intentions with attitudes subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control; assumes we rationally weigh costs and benefits of our actions
theory of reasoned action
our perceptions of what significant people think we sould do
subjective norms
our opinion about our ability to do a behavior
perceived behavioral control
a call to action in five steps: attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, an action
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
