Chap 12 and 14 Flashcards
verbal codes consisting of symbols that a speech community uses for communication
languages
verbal symbols that stand for or represent ideas
words
a specialized, technical vocabulary that serves the interests and activities of a particular group
jargon
emotional overtones, related feelings, and associations that cluster around a word
connotative meaning
words or phrases with powerful negative connotations, used to describe some quality of a person r group
epithets
words or phrases that substitute an inoffensive term for a potentially offensive, embarrassing, or unpleasant thing
euphemisms
characteristics of spoken language compared to written language
oral style
nonessential language
verbiage
specific rater than general r abstract, terms
concrete words
imprecise terms that have indefinite boundaries
vague words
saying words in one phrase, and reversing them in the next phrase
antimetabole
words with recurring initial sounds
alliteration
words that end in the same sound
rymes
comparison of two dissimilar things
metaphor
combining metaphors from two or more sources, starting with one comparison and ending with another
mixed metaphor
short comparisons that use the word like or as to compare tow items that are alike in one essential detial
similies
recurring metaphors and similes that arise from shared human and natural experiences
archetypal symbols
giving human characteristics to nonhuman entities
personification
ethical terminology that affirms and includes, rather than excludes, persons or groups of people
inclusive language
language that privileges on racial or ethnic group over another
racist language
language that negatively influences the way listeners think about older people
ageist language
language that privileges males and their activities and interests
sexist language
language that does not treat the two sexes equally
nonparallel
put-down; language that discounts the importance of someone’s viewpoint
dismissive language
trying to imagine something from another person’s point f view
perspective taking
the verbal and nonverbal behaviors you use to perform your speech
delivery
reading a speech
manuscript delivery
scree, located beneath the camera lens, on which the words of the speech scroll up during a filmed speech
teleprompter
giving a speech you’ve learned word for word
memorized delivery
presenting the speech as you creat it
impromptu delivery
preparing and rehearsing a speech carefully in advance, but choosing the exact wording as you deliver the speech
extemporaneous delivery
self-presentation, using the metaphor of a staged drama in which we use props and personal mannerisms to create and maintain impression of ourselves
impression management
speakers presenting verbal and nonverbal messages they themselves believe
sincere
speakers presenting verbal or nonverbal messages they don’t believe in an attempt to create a false image
cynical
looking audiences in the eye; communicates friendliness in the United States
eye contact
all aspects of spoken language except the words
vocalics or paralinguistics
the way you enunciate or say specific sounds, an element of pronounciation
articulation
accenting syllables or words
stress
changes in volume, rate, and pitch that cobine to create impression of the speaker
vocal variations
silent pauses
unfilled pauses
saying um or uh or other sounds during a pause
filled pauses
the ability to communicate in a personally effective and socially appropriate manner
communicative competence
a way of speaking characterized by effective vocal variety, fluency, gestures, and eye contact
confident style
speaking thats comparatively calmer, slower and less intense, but maintains good eye contact and gestures
conversational style
