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History Patterns - Unit 6 > Chap 17.2 Slides > Flashcards

Chap 17.2 Slides Flashcards

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1
Q

What happened to India after the fall of the Gupta empire?

A

After the fall of the Gupta Empire in the 500s, India broke apart into a number of small kingdoms.

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2
Q

What group arrived in India at this time?

How did they live with the Hindus and Buddhists?

A
  • During period of small kingdoms, Arab Muslim traders arrived in India for first time in search of goods such as spices
  • They lived peacefully beside Hindus, Buddhists
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3
Q

What other Muslim came to India?

What did these Muslims do to India?

In the region now known as_______

A
  • Next Muslims to arrive not so peaceful
  • Early 700s, Muslim raiders invaded, conquered region of Sind, in what is now Pakistan
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4
Q

Who controlled most of India up to 1200s?

A
  • 300 years later, Muslims poured into north India from Afghanistan
  • By 1200s, most of northern India under Muslim control
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5
Q

Once Muslims took control of India, what was set up in Delhi?

A

Delhi Sultanate

  • Once Muslims took control of north India, established new government for region based in city of Delhi
  • Government became known as Delhi sultanate
  • Rulers in sultanate tolerant, allowed traditional customs, religions
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6
Q

How did Muslim and Indian culture blend together?

A
  • Rulers also worked to spread Muslim culture through India
  • Invited artists, scholars from other parts of Islamic world to Delhi
  • New culture formed, blending Muslim, Indian elements
  • Example: new language, Urdu, formed from combination of Arabic, Sanskrit
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7
Q

What happened to India after the Delhi sultanate?

A
  • The Delhi sultanate remained strong for about 300 years.
  • By the early 1500s, its power was weakening.
  • This weakening left India open to invasion
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8
Q

Young Central Asian conquerors called __________ took over India

A

Babur

•Young Central Asian conqueror took advantage of India’s weakness

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9
Q

The next empire founded in India was the ________ empire

A

MUGHAL Empire

  • Tried, failed to create empire in Central Asia
  • Next turned to India
  • By 1526, had defeated rulers of Delhi, founded Mughal Empire
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10
Q

Mughal comes from the Persian word Mogul for ________.

Mughals ruled India as its first great _______empire

A
  • Name comes from Persian word Mogul for “Mongol”
  • Mughals reigned as India’s first great Muslim empire
  • Great civilization, known for wealth, power
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11
Q

The greatest of all Mughal rulers was _________

A

Babur’s Grandson

  • Task of organizing what he conquered fell to descendants
  • Most done by grandson, Akbar the Great
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12
Q

What was the population like in India during Akbar’s control?

A
  • Akbar took throne at age 13, but became greatest of all Mughal rulers
  • Realized India had diverse population, which could lead to breakdown of empire; did everything he could to win people’s loyalty
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13
Q

How did Akbar expand his rule?

A
  • Akbar married daughter of local noble to win noble’s support
  • Brought sons of other nobles to live at court
  • Did not hesitate to fight to prevent rebellion
  • 1605, Akbar died; at time, Mughals ruled most of north India, much of interior
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14
Q

How did Akbar treat religion?

A
  • Akbar worked to unify diverse empire by promoting religious tolerance
  • Held that no one religion could provide all answers to life’s problems
  • Did not want to discourage people from practicing any religion, discriminate against anyone for their beliefs
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15
Q

What reforms did Akbar achieve?

A
  • Abolished taxes placed on non-Muslims by earlier rulers
  • Appointed Hindus to several influential positions in government
  • Encouraged discussions, debates among Muslims, Hindus, Christians, people of other religions
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16
Q

How reforms did Akbar achieve on finances?

A
  • Established centralized government that gave him supreme civil, military authority over his empire
  • Reformed tax system, appointed officials to oversee it
  • Majority of officials from outside Mughal Empire
17
Q

After Akbar came his son, ________, who ruled.

A
  • Babur, Akbar laid foundation for powerful empire
  • Rulers who followed built upon foundation, raised Mughal India to new heights of power, wealth
  • Akbar’s son, Jahangir, intelligent, impatient to rule, rebelled against father; later reconciled
  • In 1605 became emperor after Akbar’s death
18
Q

How did Jahangir rule?

What was the influence that affected Indian society?

A
  • Continued religious tolerance; supported arts; adopted Persian influences into Indian society
  • Acceptance of Persian customs inspired by Persian-born wife
  • Powerful woman who ruled for several years while husband ill
19
Q

Jahangir came into conflict with religious group, ______, who supported rebellion

A

During reign, Jahangir came into conflict with religious group, Sikhs

Some Sikhs had supported rebellion against Jahangir

20
Q

How did Sikhism blend Islam and Hinduism?

How was Sikhism belief the same and different from Islam?

A

•Sikhism, blended elements of Islam, Hinduism

–Like Muslims, believe in one God, who created world, who has no physical form

–Unlike Muslims, who believe in afterlife, believe in reincarnation

21
Q

After Jahangir, came his son, _________, who created a ________ golden age

A
  • Jahangir’s son and successor, Shah Jahan shared his father’s love of literature and art.
  • During his reign the Mughal Empire experienced a cultural golden age.
22
Q

The greatest Mughal architecture achieved was the _____________

A
  • Greatest example of Mughal architecture, Taj Mahal built during his reign
  • Designed by Persian architects, displays elements of Indian, Persian, Muslim architectural styles
  • Built as tomb for his wife
23
Q

To pay for Taj Mahal, what did Shah Jahan do to raise money?

A
  • Needed funds to pay for monuments
  • Shah Jahan imposed heavy taxes on people
  • Demanded half of all crops grown in the country
  • Led to hardship, famine for many
24
Q

Why else did Shah Jahan need money?

Why were wars fought?

A
  • Series of wars against India’s neighbors also added to Shah Jahan’s need for money
  • Many wars fought in name of Islam against Christians, Hindus
  • Unlike father, grandfather, Shah Jahan was Muslim who did not practice religious tolerance
25
Q

Why did war break out after Shah Jahan?

A
  • 1657, Shah Jahan grew terribly ill
  • Sons began to maneuver to take throne
  • Soon war broke out between them
26
Q

How did AURANGZEB take power from Shah Jahan?

A
  • Shah Jahan unexpectedly recovered but son Aurangzeb captured him
  • After locking father in prison, killed all rivals
  • Brought head of brother in box to show father; then declared himself emperor
27
Q

How did India expand during reign of Aurangzeb?

A
  • Early in reign, concerned with expanding India’s borders
  • Empire reached greatest size at this time
  • Later, Aurangzeb turned more to domestic affairs
28
Q

What was the Muslim view during reign of Aurangzeb?

A

Muslim Views

•Worked to impose own strict religious views on society

•

•Issued strict decrees about morality, personal behavior

29
Q

What was the religious persecution under Aurangzeb?

A

Religious Persecution

  • Persecuted Hindus, Sikhs
  • Taxed them, forbade them high positions in government
  • Destroyed their temples
30
Q

How did Aurangzeb treat protestors?

A

Crushing Protesters

  • Crowds of Shia, Sufi Muslims gathered to protest actions
  • Aurangzeb ordered soldiers mounted on elephants to crush them
31
Q

What led to decline of the Mughals?

A
  • Aurangzeb enlarged Mughal empire, however his actions marked beginning of its end
  • Due to harsh measures of regime, frequent rebellions broke out in later 1600s

When Aurangzeb died, REBELLION

32
Q

As the Mughals decline, what happened to India?

Eventually, India came under ___________ rule.

A
  • Soon invaders poured into India from north
  • Eventually India fell under colonial sway of British as part of their global empire

History Patterns - Unit 6 (9 decks)

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