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History Patterns - Unit 6 > Chap 11.4 Slides > Flashcards

Chap 11.4 Slides Flashcards

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1
Q

India and China shaped the development of civilization in this region: __________

A

India and China shaped the development of civilization in the region of Southeast Asia

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2
Q

Southeast Asia is divided into 2 parts: _________ part and _______ part

What are the countries in each part

A
  • Southeast Asia divided in two parts—mainland Southeast Asia, and island Southeast Asia
  • Mainland—modern nations of Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, part of Malaysia
  • Island—Sumatra, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore
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3
Q

What contributed to development of civilization in Southeast Asia?

A

Geography and trade also played important roles

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4
Q

Where was trade done in Southeast Asia?

What was the most important waterway?

A
  • Southeast Asia waterways, main trade routes between India, China
  • Two most important: Malacca Strait between Malay Peninsula, Sumatra; Sunda Strait, between Sumatra, Java
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5
Q

What did control of these waterways bring?

A

Control of these, other important trade routes, brought wealth, power

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6
Q

What are the big winds in Southeast Asia?

A
  • Monsoons, seasonal winds, shaped trade
  • Winds blow northeast in summer, southwest in winter
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7
Q

How did monsoons cause rise of cities in Southeast Asia?

A
  • Ships relied on monsoons to sail from place to place, often had to wait in port until winds shifted to resume voyage
  • Many Southeast Asian port cities became important economic centers
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8
Q

How did Chinese and Indian culture spread to Southeast Asia?

A
  • Chinese, Indian traders influenced Southeast Asia
  • Indian influence spread through trade, missionaries
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9
Q

What did Indian missionaries bring to Southeast Asia?

A

•Indian missionaries introduced Hinduism, Buddhism;

  • many kingdoms adopted the religions, built temples in Indian style

•Eventually Indians brought Islam; remains strong today

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10
Q

What did Indians spread to Southeast Asia?

A
  • Indian ideas on writing, science, government, art spread to Southeast Asia
  • Ancient Indian language, Sanskrit, came into wide use
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11
Q

How did Chinese influence spread to Southeast Asia?

A
  • Chinese influences spread by conquest, trade, migration
  • China controlled northern Vietnam at different times, strongly influenced that region
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12
Q

How did early kingdoms arise in Southeast Asia?

What were they influenced by?

A
  • Several early kingdoms, empires arose in Southeast Asia
  • Most small, a few quite powerful
  • Blended influences from India, China to create own unique societies, cultures
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13
Q

One kingdom that arose was the ___________ Kingdom.

In what is country now?

A

The PAGAN Kingdom

  • AD 800s, Burmans established kingdom of Pagan, in what is now Myanmar
  • Located in fertile Irrawaddy River valley, ideal for rice farming
  • First king, Anawrahta, ruled 1044 to 1077, conquered surrounding areas
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14
Q

How did the Burma king, Anawrahta, build his kingdom?

A
  • 1057, Anawrahta united much of what is now Myanmar under his rule
  • Conquests provided Pagan with access to trading ports
  • Anawrahta’s kingdom prospered
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15
Q

What did Anawrahta build all over his kingdom?

Pagan became the center of ________

A
  • Anawrahta, successors supported Theravada Buddhism, built thousands of Buddhist temples
  • Pagan became center of Buddhist learning
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16
Q

By 1287, the Pagan kingdom lost its power to _____________

How did the Pagan empire lose its power?

A
  • 1287, Kublai Khan’s Mongols demanded tribute from Pagan; king refused and attacked; was crushed
  • One of king’s own sons killed him, then agreed to pay tribute to the Mongols
  • Pagan survived, but lost power
  • Today Myanmar people consider Pagan classical age of history, culture
17
Q

The next empire that arose in Southeast Asia was the _________ empire, in what is now _________

A

The KHMER empire

•Powerful Khmer empire arose southeast of Pagan, in what is now Cambodia

18
Q

From 850 to 1250, how did the Khmer empire rise and fall?

A
  • Early 800s, Khmer people began to conquer kingdoms around them, build great empire
  • Empire reached height between 850 and 1250, controlled much of Southeast Asian mainland

Expensive building projects, invaders contributed to empire’s decline

19
Q

What was the Indian influence on Khmer empire?

What was the religion there?

What was build?

A

Indian Influence

  • Adopted Hindu, Buddhist beliefs, ruled as gods
  • Empire’s capital city, Angkor, symbolized shape of Hindu universe, temple at its center
20
Q

The most famous temple was __________, which still stands today.

What brought wealth to build this?

A

Rich from Rice

•Built vast temple complexes; Angkor Wat ruins still stand

21
Q

Vietnam was strongly influenced by ________.

Who conquered the kingdom of Vietnam?

A

While most of Southeast Asia was strongly influenced by India, Vietnam was strongly influenced by China.

China conquered the kingdom of Nam Viet, in what is now northern Vietnam.

They ruled the region off and on for the next 1,000 years.

22
Q

How did Chinese influence affect Vietnam?

A
  • Chinese forced Vietnamese to adopt Chinese language, clothing, hairstyles
  • Confucianism, Daoism influenced Vietnamese society
  • Adopted Chinese government features, including bureaucracy
23
Q

What traditional customs did Vietnam retain?

A
  • Vietnam embraced Buddhism, but still maintained traditional customs
  • Continued to worship nature spirits alongside other belief systems
  • Chinese rule shaped life in early Vietnam, but people determined to preserve own culture, identity
24
Q

How did the Vietnamese feel about the Chinese?

A

In hopes of regaining their independence, the Vietnamese sometimes rebelled when Chinese rule grew weak.

25
Q

What was the rebellion against the Chinese in AD 39?

A
  • AD 39, one of most famous Vietnamese rebellions took place
  • Two sisters, Trung Trac, Trung Nhi raised army, briefly drove Chinese out
  • Chinese soon regained control; sisters remain heroes in Vietnam today
26
Q

IN early 900s, how did Vietnam gain independence?

A
  • Early 900s, fall of China’s Tang dynasty provided Vietnamese another chance at independence; this time successful
  • 939, established independent kingdom in what is now northern Vietnam
27
Q

What was DAI VIET?

How did DAI VIET stay independent?

A
  • Rulers of Dai Viet sent tribute to China, but remained independent
  • Chinese failed in attempts to reconquer Vietnam; 1285, Mongols invaded; Dai Viet prince Tran Quoc Toan defeated them, became a hero

History Patterns - Unit 6 (9 decks)

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