Chap 16 - The Ear Flashcards
Where are the auditory ossicles located?
Middle ear or tympanic cavity
What are the ossicles function?
Amplify and transmit soun waves into inner ear
What is the function of stapedius
restrict ossicle movement when loud noises occur
What’s smallest a muscle in body
The stapedius
Define bony labyrinth
spaces within the temporal bone
Define membranous labyrinth
membrane-lined tubes in bony labyrinth that contain endolymph
What are structures of bony labyrinth
Membranous labyrinth
Cochlea
Vestibule
Semicircular canal
What structures form membranous labyrinth
Semicircular canal
Endolymph
Where is Perilymph located
in space between outer bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth
Where is endolymph located
In membranous labyrinth
What part of inner ear are hearing sensors located
Cochlea
What part of inner ear are static equilibrium receptors in. For Gravity and changes of position in head
monitored by utricle and saccule
What part of inner ear are the dynamic equilibrium receptors. For angular and rotational movements
Semicircular duct
Receptor organ of hearing called
Spiral organ
What are the components of spiral organ
Hair cells and supporting cells
Basilar membrane and tectorial membrane
How is the pitch of the sound related to frequency of sound waves
Higher the pitch, higher the frequency
How is loudness of sound related to amplitude of the sound waves
High amplitude is a loud sound
What are the steps for detecting sounds
1 Sound waves enter ear and cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate.
Tympanic membrane vibration moves auditory ossicles; sound waves are amplified.
The stapes at the oval window generates pressure waves in the perilymph within the scala vestibuli.
Remaining pressure waves are transferred to the scala tympani nd exit the inner ear via the round window.
the cochlear duct and displacement of a specific region of the basilar membrane. Hair cells in the spiral organ are distorted, initiating a nerve signal in the cochlear branch of CN VIII.
What is he role of inferior colliculi and tectal plate in hearing
.
What does the term equilibrium refer to
Awareness and monitoring of head position
What are sensory receptors for static equilibrium called
utricle and saccule
What are sensory receptors for static equilibrium made of
Macula
Otolithic membrane
What type of movement does macula detect
Head upright
Head tilted downward
Head tilted upward
How does the macula detect movement
Hair cells bend when otholithic membrane moves which either inhibits or increases neurotransmitter release
What are the sensory receptors for dynamic equilibrium called
Ampulla
Crista ampullaris
Cupula
What causes motion sickness
When a person is exsponsed to acceleration or directional changes but do not have much visual contact with outside horizon
Macula is made of
Hair cells with stereocilia and one lone cilium, called kinocilium
Function of external acoustic Meatus
Prevents large objects from entering
