CHAP 15

Question 1

Process in which no heat transfer takes place

Answer 1

Adiabatic process

Question 2

Cyclical process that uses only reversible processes, the adiabatic and isothermal processes

Answer 2

Carnot cycle

Question 3

Maximum theoretical efficiency for a heat engine

Answer 3

Carnot efficiency

Question 4

Heat engine that uses a Carnot cycle

Answer 4

Carnot engine

Question 5

Ratio of heat transfer to temperature Q/T

Answer 5

Change in entropy

Question 6

Heat pump, it is a ratio of heat transfer at the output (the hot reservoir) to the work supplied; for a refrigerator or air conditioner, it is the ratio of heat transfer from the cold reservoir to the work supplied

Answer 6

Coefficient of performance

Question 7

Process in which the path returns to its original state at the end of every cycle

Answer 7

Cyclical process

Question 8

Measurement of a system’s disorder and its inability to do work in a system

Answer 8

Entropy

Question 9

States that the change in internal energy of a system equals the net heat transfer into the system minus the net work done by the system

Answer 9

First law of thermodynamics

Question 10

Machine that uses heat transfer to do work

Answer 10

Heat engine

Question 11

Machine that generates heat transfer from cold to hot

Answer 11

Heat pump

Question 12

Conversion of food into heat transfer, work, and stored fat

Answer 12

Human metabolism

Question 13

Sum of the kinetic and potential energies of a system’s atoms and molecules

Answer 13

Internal energy

Question 14

Process that depends on path direction

Answer 14

Irreversible process

Question 15

Constant-pressure process in which a gas does work

Answer 15

Isobaric process

Question 16

Constant-volume process

Answer 16

Isochoric process

Question 17

Constant-temperature process

Answer 17

Isothermal process

Question 18

Overall property of a system

Answer 18

Macrostate

Question 19

Sequence within a larger macrostate

Answer 19

Microstate

Question 20

Thermodynamic cycle, consisting of a pair of adiabatic processes and a pair of isochoric processes, that converts heat into work, e.g., the four-stroke engine cycle of intake, compression, ignition, and exhaust

Answer 20

Otto cycle

Question 21

Process in which both the heat engine system and the external environment theoretically can be returned to their original states

Answer 21

Reversible process

Question 22

Heat transfer flows from a hotter to a cooler object, never the reverse, and some heat energy in any process is lost to available work in a cyclical process

Answer 22

Second law of thermodynamics

Question 23

Total entropy of a system either increases or remains constant; it never decreases

Answer 23

Second law of thermodynamics stated in terms of entropy

Question 24

Using statistics to examine data, such as counting microstates and macrostates

Answer 24

Statistical analysis