CHAP 12 Flashcards
Process in which a living membrane expands energy to move substances across
Active transport
Equation resulting from applying conservation of energy to an incompressible frictionless fluid: P + ½pv² + pgh = constant, through the fluid
Bernoulli’s equation
Bernoulli’s equation applied at constant depth: P1 + ½pv1² = P2 + ½pv2²
Bernoulli’s principle
Transport of any molecules other than the water through a semipermeable membrane from a region to a high concentration to one of low concentration
Dialysis
Movement of substances due to random thermal molecular motion
Diffusion
Abbreviated Q, it is the volume V that flows past a particular point during a time t, or Q = V/t
Flow rate
Physics of fluids in motion
Fluid dynamics
Type of fluid flow in which layers do not mix
Laminar
Unit of volume, equal to 10-³ m³
Liter
Transport of water through a semipermeable membrane from a region of high concentration to one of low concentration
Osmosis
Back pressure which stops the osmotic process if one solution is pure water
Osmotic pressure
Rate of laminar flow of an incompressible fluid in tube: Q= ( P2-P1) πr⁴/8nl
Poiseuille’s law
Resistance to laminar flow of an incompressible fluid in tube: R = 8nl/πr⁴
Poiseuille’s law for resistance
Back pressure which stops the osmotic process if neither solution is pure water
Relative osmotic pressure
Process that occurs when back pressure is sufficient to reverse the normal direction of dialysis through membranes
Reverse dialysis
Process that occurs when back pressure is sufficient to reverse the normal direction of osmosis through membranes
Reverse osmosis
Dimensionless parameter that can reveal whether a particular flow is laminar or turbulent
Reynolds number
Type of membrane that allows only certain small molecules to pass through
Semipermeable
Speed at which the viscous drag of an object falling in a viscous fluid is equal to the other forces acting on the object (such as gravity) , so that the acceleration of the object is zero
Terminal speed
Fluid flow in which layers mix together via eddies and swirls
Turbulence
Friction in a fluid, defined in terms of the friction between layers
Viscosity
Resistance force exerted on a moving object, with a nontrivial dependence on velocity
Viscous drag
