CHAP 13 Flashcards
Lowest possible temperature; the temperature at which all molecular motion ceases
Absolute zero
N subscript A, the number of molecules or atoms in one mole of a substance; Na = 6.02 x 10²³ particles/mole
Avogadro’s number
k, a physical constant that relates energy to temperature; k = 1.38 x 10–²³ J/K
Boltzmann constant
Temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 0°C and the boiling point of water is 100°C
Celsius scale
The change in length, per unit length, per 1°C change in temperature; a constant used in the calculation of linear expansion; the coefficient of linear expansion depends on the material and to some degree on the temperature of the material
Coefficient of linear expansion
The change in volume, per unit volume, per 1°C change in temperature
Coefficient of volume expansion
Temperature above which liquid a liquid cannot exist
Critical point
Minimum pressure needed for a liquid to exist at the critical temperature
Critical pressure
Temperature above which a liquid cannot exist
Critical temperature
Physical law that states that the total pressure of a gas is the sum of partial pressures of the component gases
Dalton’s law of partial pressure
Unit on the Celsius temperature scale
Degree Celsius
Unit on the Fahrenheit temperature scale
Degree Fahrenheit
Temperature at which relative humidity is 100%; the temperature at which water starts to condense out of the air
Dew point
Temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 32°F and the boiling point of water is 212°F
Fahrenheit scale
Physical law that relates the pressure and volume of a gas to the number of gas molecules or number of moles of gas and the temperature of the gas
Ideal gas law
Temperature scale in which 0 K is the lowest possible temperature, representing absolute zero
Kelvin scale
Quantity of a substance whose mass (in grams) is equal to its molecular mass
Mole
Pressure a gas would create if it occupied the total volume of space available
Partial pressure
Ratio of vapor density to saturation vapor density
Percent relative humidity
Graph of pressure vs. temperature of a particular substance, showing at which pressures and temperatures the three phases of the substance occur
Phase diagram
Graph of pressure vs. volume
PV diagram
Amount of water in the air relative to the maximum amount of the air can hold
Relative humidity
Condition of 100% relative humidity
Saturation
Phase change from solid to gas
Sublimation
Quantity measured by a thermometer
Temperature
KE, the average translational kinetic energy of a molecule
Thermal energy
Condition in which heat no longer flows between two objects that are in contact; the two objects have the same temperature
Thermal equilibrium
Change in size or volume of an object with change in temperature
Thermal expansion
Stress caused by thermal expansion or contraction
Thermal stress
Pressure and temperature at which a substance exists in equilibrium as a solid, liquid, and gas
Triple point
Gas at a temperature below the boiling temperature
Vapor
Pressure at which a gas coexists with its solid or liquid phase
Vapor pressure
Law that states that of two objects are in thermal equilibrium, and a third object is in thermal equilibrium with one of those objects, it is also in thermal equilibrium with the other object
Zeroth law of thermodynamics
