chap 14 culture Flashcards
what kind of consumption involves objects and events that are set apart from normal activities that are treated with respect or awe
Sacred consumption
what is Profane consumption
involves consumer objects and events that are ordinary and not special
cooptation is a _____ process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
cultural
an event that distort the symbols we associate with other holidays ex. halloween
antifestival
what is an art product?
an object we admire strictly for its beauty of because it inspires an emotional reaction in us
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are _____ by members of mainstream culture
modified
the process by which some alternatives are selected over others by cultural gatekeepers
cultural selection
a ____ is a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ideals
myth
what are the 3 stages of a rite of passage?
- separation- detaches from original group or status
- liminality- in limbo between statuses
- aggregation - returns to society with new status
a myth is a ____ with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ideals
story
in gift giving what norm obligates people to return the gesture of a gift with one of equal value?
reciprocity
a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
cooptation
T/F Culture is the accumulation of shared meanings, rituals, norms, and traditions
T
what are the 5 attributes a innovation needs to be sucessful?
- compatibility- with consumer lifestyle
- trialability- can experiment with it
- complexity- has to be low
- observability- see it around
- relative advantage- over other alternatives
what perspective focuses on commonalities across cultures
etic
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a _____or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
product
what is cooptation?
a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
consumers who dont feel they have control over their outcomes come to associate a product that is paired with a reward with the outcome itself
conditioned superstition
what are the 6 dimensions in Hofsted dimension of national culture?
- power distance- accept and expect power distributed unequally
- individualism- degree integrated into groups
- masculinity- distribution of roles between genders
- uncertainty avoidance- tolerance for uncertainty
- long term orientation- long thrift and perseverance, short is tradition social obligation, protect face
- indulgence vs restraint- extent societly allows free gratifaction of basic and natural human drivers
what is cultural selection?
the process by which some alternatives are selected over others by cultural gatekeepers
a cultural formula is a sequence of media events in which familiar___ and ___occur consistently
roles props
what kind of consumption involves consumer objects and events that are ordinary and not special
Profane consumption
- separation- detaches from original group or status 2. liminality- in limbo between statuses 3. aggregation - returns to society with new status these are the stages of what?
rite of passage
when objects we associate with sacred events or people become sacred in their own right
contamination
a myth is a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ____
ideals
what perspective stresses variations across cultures
emic
rituals are ?
sets of multiple, symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and that tend to be repeated periodically.
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original _____ of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
meanings
a cultural formula is a sequence of media ____ in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
events
a ritual script is a script that identifes the artifacts we need, the ____ in which we should use them, and who uses them
sequence
locavore is a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced ____ and ____
meat vegetables
what is a discontinoius innovation?
created really big changes in the way we live
what is Sacred consumption?
involves objects and events that are set apart from normal activities that are treated with respect or awe
a product we like because of the beauty with which it performs some function
craft product
the way people maintian orderly social life is what area of a cultural system?
social structure
a ____ script is a script that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them
ritual
what is a craft product?
a product we like because of the beauty with which it performs some function
what is contamination
when objects we associate with sacred events or people become sacred in their own right
_____ is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
cooptation
______ is a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables
locavore
what is a grooming ritual?
ceremonies that help us transition from our private self to out public self
a cultural _____ is a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
formula
ceremonies that help us transition from our private self to out public self
grooming ritual
what is a continuous innovation?
the modification of an existing product .
rice for weddings , candles for birthdays, diplomas, wedding cakes, etc are examples of?
ritual artifacts
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of _____ culture
mainstream
what are the two types of events in the gestation phase of gift giving?
- structural - prescribed like Xmas 2. emergent- decision is personal
what is sacralization?
occurs when ordinary objects, events, and even people take on sacred meaning ex. superbowl, elvis presely
what is the gestation stage of gift giving
giver procures item to mark some event
an object we admire strictly for its beauty of because it inspires an emotional reaction in us
art product
when does an item become sacralized in collections?
when it enters a collection and takes on special significance to the collector that outsider may find hard to comprehend
what is a meme?
an idea or product that enters the conscioiusness of people over time
what is a rite of passage?
rituals we performs to mark a change in social status
what is the emic perspective
stresses variations across cultures
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a ______ are modified by members of mainstream culture
subculture
what is the presentation stage of gift giving
the process of the gift exchange
T/F culture isn’t the lens through which people view products
F
what is a locavore?
a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables
what is a cultural formula?
a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
locavore is a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of _____ produced meat and vegetables
locally
what is the etic perspective?
focuses on commonalities across cultures
what is fashion?
the process of social diffusion by which some groups of consumers adopt a new style
cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other _____associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
symbol
grooming, gift giving, holidays, and rites of passage are common what?
rituals
what 2 binary oppositions are expressed with grooming rituals?
private/public work/leisure
what is the prestige exclusivity effect?
high prices create high demand
a myth is a story with ____ elements that represents a culture’s ideals
symbolic
what is a fortress brand?
a brand that we use to perform our rituals that we are unlikely to replace
in the presentation stage of gift giving, the recipient ____ to the gift and the donor ____ the response
responds evaluates
a ritual script is a script that identifes the ____ we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them
artifacts
what do we do in a gift giving ritual
procure the object remove the price tag wrap it ( goes from commodity to a unique good) and deliver it
a ritual script is a script that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and ___ uses them
who
what is an example of binary opposition
good vs evil
a cultural formula is a ____ of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
sequence
Products can reflect underlying cultural processes of a particular period. what are 3 examples of this?
- tv dinners cosmetics made of natural materials pastel carrying cases for condoms
what is a myth?
a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ideals
occurs when we attribute sacred qualities to mundane items, through processes like contamination
objectification
the mental characteristics of a people and the way they relate to their enviroment and social groups is what area of a cultural system?
ideology
what is the snob effect?
lower prices reduce demand
a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently is called what?
a cultural formula
an idea or product that enters the consciousness of people over time
meme
A culture is a society’s what?
personality
Many of our consumption activities- including holiday observances, grooming, and gift-giving- relate to what?
rituals
what is desacralization?
when a sacred item/symbol is removed from its special place or is duplicated in mass quantities (becomes profane). ex. XMAS now materialistic occosicon
the way a cultural system adaps to its habitat is what area of a cultural system?
ecology
locavore is a ____that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables
lifestyle
sets of multiple, symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and that tend to be repeated periodically are called?
rituals
what does the functional area of ecology in a cultural system refer to ?
the way a cultural system adaps to its habitat ex. japanese like products that are space efficient since their cities are cramped
what is a cultural production system?
the set of individuals and organization that create and market a cultural product
a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables
locavore
what is an antifestival?
an event that distort the symbols we associate with other holidays ex. halloween
T/F Global consumer culture – unites consumers around the world by their common devotion to brand-name consumer goods, movie stars, celebrities, and leisure activities.
T
what is Objectification
occurs when we attribute sacred qualities to mundane items, through processes like contamination
a myth is a story with symbolic elements that represents a ____ ideals
culture’s
a cultural formula is a sequence of ____ events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
media
what is conditioned superstition?
consumers who dont feel they have control over their outcomes come to associate a product that is paired with a reward with the outcome itself
occurs when ordinary objects, events, and even people take on sacred meaning
sacralization
A cultural system consists of what 3 functional areas?
- ecology- way cultural system adaps to its habitat
- social structure- way people maintian orderly social life
- ideology- mental characterisics of a people and how they relate to their environment and social groups
lower prices reduce demand is what effect
snob
what is a dynamically continuous innovation?
a significant change to an existing product
when a sacred item/symbol is removed from its special place or is duplicated in mass quantities (becomes profane). this is called
desacralization
what are the 3 stages of the gift giving ritual
- gestation- giver procures item to maker some event 2. presentation- the process of the gift exchange 3. reformulation- the giver and reciever redefine the bond between them to reflect their new relationship
the process of social diffusion by which some groups of consumers adopt a new style
fashion
a myths outcome serves a ____ guide for listeners
moral
what does the functional area of social structure in a cultural system refer to ?
the way people maintian orderly social life ex. nuclear family vs extended and democracy vs dictatorshipe
what is a ritual script?
scripts that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them
a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ideals
myth
the process whereby a new product, service, or idea spreads through a population
diffusion of innovations
rituals we performs to mark a change in social status
rite of passage
what is diffusion of innovations?
the process whereby a new product, service, or idea spreads through a population
what does the functional area of ideology in a cultural system refer to ?
the mental charateristics of a peole and the way they relate to their environment and social groups ex. share worldview about ideas like order and fairness and moral principals
what is the reformulation stage of gift giving
the giver and reciever redefine the bond between them to reflect their new relationship
a brand that we use to perform our rituals that we are unlikely to replace
fortress brand
a ____ formula is a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently
cultural
procure the object remove the price tag wrap it ( goes from commodity to a unique good) and deliver it are part of what ritual
gift giving
high prices create high demand is what effect?
prestige exclusivity
the set of individuals and organization that create and market a cultural product
cultural production system
scripts that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them are called?
ritual scripts
