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consumer behavior > chap 14 culture > Flashcards

chap 14 culture Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of consumption involves objects and events that are set apart from normal activities that are treated with respect or awe

A

Sacred consumption

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2
Q

what is Profane consumption

A

involves consumer objects and events that are ordinary and not special

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3
Q

cooptation is a _____ process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture

A

cultural

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4
Q

an event that distort the symbols we associate with other holidays ex. halloween

A

antifestival

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5
Q

what is an art product?

A

an object we admire strictly for its beauty of because it inspires an emotional reaction in us

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6
Q

cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are _____ by members of mainstream culture

A

modified

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7
Q

the process by which some alternatives are selected over others by cultural gatekeepers

A

cultural selection

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8
Q

a ____ is a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ideals

A

myth

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9
Q

what are the 3 stages of a rite of passage?

A
  1. separation- detaches from original group or status
  2. liminality- in limbo between statuses
  3. aggregation - returns to society with new status
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10
Q

a myth is a ____ with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ideals

A

story

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11
Q

in gift giving what norm obligates people to return the gesture of a gift with one of equal value?

A

reciprocity

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12
Q

a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture

A

cooptation

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13
Q

T/F Culture is the accumulation of shared meanings, rituals, norms, and traditions

A

T

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14
Q

what are the 5 attributes a innovation needs to be sucessful?

A
  1. compatibility- with consumer lifestyle
  2. trialability- can experiment with it
  3. complexity- has to be low
  4. observability- see it around
  5. relative advantage- over other alternatives
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15
Q

what perspective focuses on commonalities across cultures

A

etic

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16
Q

cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a _____or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture

A

product

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17
Q

what is cooptation?

A

a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture

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18
Q

consumers who dont feel they have control over their outcomes come to associate a product that is paired with a reward with the outcome itself

A

conditioned superstition

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19
Q

what are the 6 dimensions in Hofsted dimension of national culture?

A
  1. power distance- accept and expect power distributed unequally
  2. individualism- degree integrated into groups
  3. masculinity- distribution of roles between genders
  4. uncertainty avoidance- tolerance for uncertainty
  5. long term orientation- long thrift and perseverance, short is tradition social obligation, protect face
  6. indulgence vs restraint- extent societly allows free gratifaction of basic and natural human drivers
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20
Q

what is cultural selection?

A

the process by which some alternatives are selected over others by cultural gatekeepers

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21
Q

a cultural formula is a sequence of media events in which familiar___ and ___occur consistently

A

roles props

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22
Q

what kind of consumption involves consumer objects and events that are ordinary and not special

A

Profane consumption

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23
Q
  1. separation- detaches from original group or status 2. liminality- in limbo between statuses 3. aggregation - returns to society with new status these are the stages of what?
A

rite of passage

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24
Q

when objects we associate with sacred events or people become sacred in their own right

A

contamination

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25
Q

a myth is a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ____

A

ideals

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26
Q

what perspective stresses variations across cultures

A

emic

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27
Q

rituals are ?

A

sets of multiple, symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and that tend to be repeated periodically.

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28
Q

cooptation is a cultural process by which the original _____ of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture

A

meanings

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29
Q

a cultural formula is a sequence of media ____ in which familiar roles and props occur consistently

A

events

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30
Q

a ritual script is a script that identifes the artifacts we need, the ____ in which we should use them, and who uses them

A

sequence

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31
Q

locavore is a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced ____ and ____

A

meat vegetables

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32
Q

what is a discontinoius innovation?

A

created really big changes in the way we live

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33
Q

what is Sacred consumption?

A

involves objects and events that are set apart from normal activities that are treated with respect or awe

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34
Q

a product we like because of the beauty with which it performs some function

A

craft product

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35
Q

the way people maintian orderly social life is what area of a cultural system?

A

social structure

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36
Q

a ____ script is a script that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them

A

ritual

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37
Q

what is a craft product?

A

a product we like because of the beauty with which it performs some function

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38
Q

what is contamination

A

when objects we associate with sacred events or people become sacred in their own right

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39
Q

_____ is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture

A

cooptation

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40
Q

______ is a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables

A

locavore

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41
Q

what is a grooming ritual?

A

ceremonies that help us transition from our private self to out public self

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42
Q

a cultural _____ is a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently

A

formula

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43
Q

ceremonies that help us transition from our private self to out public self

A

grooming ritual

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44
Q

what is a continuous innovation?

A

the modification of an existing product .

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45
Q

rice for weddings , candles for birthdays, diplomas, wedding cakes, etc are examples of?

A

ritual artifacts

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46
Q

cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of _____ culture

A

mainstream

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47
Q

what are the two types of events in the gestation phase of gift giving?

A
  1. structural - prescribed like Xmas 2. emergent- decision is personal
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48
Q

what is sacralization?

A

occurs when ordinary objects, events, and even people take on sacred meaning ex. superbowl, elvis presely

49
Q

what is the gestation stage of gift giving

A

giver procures item to mark some event

50
Q

an object we admire strictly for its beauty of because it inspires an emotional reaction in us

A

art product

51
Q

when does an item become sacralized in collections?

A

when it enters a collection and takes on special significance to the collector that outsider may find hard to comprehend

52
Q

what is a meme?

A

an idea or product that enters the conscioiusness of people over time

53
Q

what is a rite of passage?

A

rituals we performs to mark a change in social status

54
Q

what is the emic perspective

A

stresses variations across cultures

55
Q

cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a ______ are modified by members of mainstream culture

A

subculture

56
Q

what is the presentation stage of gift giving

A

the process of the gift exchange

57
Q

T/F culture isn’t the lens through which people view products

A

F

58
Q

what is a locavore?

A

a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables

59
Q

what is a cultural formula?

A

a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently

60
Q

locavore is a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of _____ produced meat and vegetables

A

locally

61
Q

what is the etic perspective?

A

focuses on commonalities across cultures

62
Q

what is fashion?

A

the process of social diffusion by which some groups of consumers adopt a new style

63
Q

cooptation is a cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other _____associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture

A

symbol

64
Q

grooming, gift giving, holidays, and rites of passage are common what?

A

rituals

65
Q

what 2 binary oppositions are expressed with grooming rituals?

A

private/public work/leisure

66
Q

what is the prestige exclusivity effect?

A

high prices create high demand

67
Q

a myth is a story with ____ elements that represents a culture’s ideals

A

symbolic

68
Q

what is a fortress brand?

A

a brand that we use to perform our rituals that we are unlikely to replace

69
Q

in the presentation stage of gift giving, the recipient ____ to the gift and the donor ____ the response

A

responds evaluates

70
Q

a ritual script is a script that identifes the ____ we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them

A

artifacts

71
Q

what do we do in a gift giving ritual

A

procure the object remove the price tag wrap it ( goes from commodity to a unique good) and deliver it

72
Q

a ritual script is a script that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and ___ uses them

A

who

73
Q

what is an example of binary opposition

A

good vs evil

74
Q

a cultural formula is a ____ of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently

A

sequence

75
Q

Products can reflect underlying cultural processes of a particular period. what are 3 examples of this?

A
  1. tv dinners cosmetics made of natural materials pastel carrying cases for condoms
76
Q

what is a myth?

A

a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ideals

77
Q

occurs when we attribute sacred qualities to mundane items, through processes like contamination

A

objectification

78
Q

the mental characteristics of a people and the way they relate to their enviroment and social groups is what area of a cultural system?

A

ideology

79
Q

what is the snob effect?

A

lower prices reduce demand

80
Q

a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently is called what?

A

a cultural formula

81
Q

an idea or product that enters the consciousness of people over time

A

meme

82
Q

A culture is a society’s what?

A

personality

83
Q

Many of our consumption activities- including holiday observances, grooming, and gift-giving- relate to what?

A

rituals

84
Q

what is desacralization?

A

when a sacred item/symbol is removed from its special place or is duplicated in mass quantities (becomes profane). ex. XMAS now materialistic occosicon

85
Q

the way a cultural system adaps to its habitat is what area of a cultural system?

A

ecology

86
Q

locavore is a ____that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables

A

lifestyle

87
Q

sets of multiple, symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and that tend to be repeated periodically are called?

A

rituals

88
Q

what does the functional area of ecology in a cultural system refer to ?

A

the way a cultural system adaps to its habitat ex. japanese like products that are space efficient since their cities are cramped

89
Q

what is a cultural production system?

A

the set of individuals and organization that create and market a cultural product

90
Q

a lifestyle that emphasizes the purchase of locally produced meat and vegetables

A

locavore

91
Q

what is an antifestival?

A

an event that distort the symbols we associate with other holidays ex. halloween

92
Q

T/F Global consumer culture – unites consumers around the world by their common devotion to brand-name consumer goods, movie stars, celebrities, and leisure activities.

A

T

93
Q

what is Objectification

A

occurs when we attribute sacred qualities to mundane items, through processes like contamination

94
Q

a myth is a story with symbolic elements that represents a ____ ideals

A

culture’s

95
Q

a cultural formula is a sequence of ____ events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently

A

media

96
Q

what is conditioned superstition?

A

consumers who dont feel they have control over their outcomes come to associate a product that is paired with a reward with the outcome itself

97
Q

occurs when ordinary objects, events, and even people take on sacred meaning

A

sacralization

98
Q

A cultural system consists of what 3 functional areas?

A
  1. ecology- way cultural system adaps to its habitat
  2. social structure- way people maintian orderly social life
  3. ideology- mental characterisics of a people and how they relate to their environment and social groups
99
Q

lower prices reduce demand is what effect

A

snob

100
Q

what is a dynamically continuous innovation?

A

a significant change to an existing product

101
Q

when a sacred item/symbol is removed from its special place or is duplicated in mass quantities (becomes profane). this is called

A

desacralization

102
Q

what are the 3 stages of the gift giving ritual

A
  1. gestation- giver procures item to maker some event 2. presentation- the process of the gift exchange 3. reformulation- the giver and reciever redefine the bond between them to reflect their new relationship
103
Q

the process of social diffusion by which some groups of consumers adopt a new style

A

fashion

104
Q

a myths outcome serves a ____ guide for listeners

A

moral

105
Q

what does the functional area of social structure in a cultural system refer to ?

A

the way people maintian orderly social life ex. nuclear family vs extended and democracy vs dictatorshipe

106
Q

what is a ritual script?

A

scripts that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them

107
Q

a story with symbolic elements that represents a culture’s ideals

A

myth

108
Q

the process whereby a new product, service, or idea spreads through a population

A

diffusion of innovations

109
Q

rituals we performs to mark a change in social status

A

rite of passage

110
Q

what is diffusion of innovations?

A

the process whereby a new product, service, or idea spreads through a population

111
Q

what does the functional area of ideology in a cultural system refer to ?

A

the mental charateristics of a peole and the way they relate to their environment and social groups ex. share worldview about ideas like order and fairness and moral principals

112
Q

what is the reformulation stage of gift giving

A

the giver and reciever redefine the bond between them to reflect their new relationship

113
Q

a brand that we use to perform our rituals that we are unlikely to replace

A

fortress brand

114
Q

a ____ formula is a sequence of media events in which familiar roles and props occur consistently

A

cultural

115
Q

procure the object remove the price tag wrap it ( goes from commodity to a unique good) and deliver it are part of what ritual

A

gift giving

116
Q

high prices create high demand is what effect?

A

prestige exclusivity

117
Q

the set of individuals and organization that create and market a cultural product

A

cultural production system

118
Q

scripts that identifes the artifacts we need, the sequence in which we should use them, and who uses them are called?

A

ritual scripts

consumer behavior (5 decks)

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