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Water/Waste Water Treatment > chap 13 > Flashcards

chap 13 Flashcards

1
Q

SP. 1a. List 4 boards categories of methods used to separate DO from water

A

adsorption
exclusion
stripping
extraction

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2
Q

SP. 1b. What types of contaminants are removed using these techniques?

A

dissolved organics

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3
Q

SP.1b. ii. Distinguish between the phases and surfaces used in each of these techniques

A
  • adsorption: liquid/solid partition
  • exclusion: liquid/liquid
  • stripping: liquid/gas
  • extration: liquid/liquid
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4
Q

SP.1c which of the tech described for removing DO from water are suitable for

A
  • non-polar molecules - Adsorption
  • slightly polar organic molecules - exclusion
  • large organic molecules -
  • volatile organic compounds - stripping
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5
Q

SP.1c which of the tech described for removing DO from water are suitable for

A
  • non-polar molecules - Adsorption
  • slightly polar organic molecules - exclusion
  • large organic molecules -
  • volatile organic compounds - stripping
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6
Q

SP.1d. distinguish between the operating principles behind RO, membrane separation and pervaporation

A
  • RO:
  • membrane:
  • pervaporation: permeation + evaporation
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7
Q

SP.1e. how are the waste streams dealt with in
GAC
Pervaporation
Stripping

A

GAC- once GAC is spent, it is burnt and the exhaust must be scrubbed of HCl, backwashing
Pervaporation:
stripping: Contaminants are partitioned into the air (or steam stream) therefore will be removed by GAC or Catalyst combustion using propane as a fuel

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8
Q

SP.1f . why would you have to protect an RO from BTX (Benzene, Toluene, Xylene)

A

BTX dissolves the membrane

GAC would be installed upstream of an RO unit to protect the RO membrane which can be oil soluble.

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9
Q

SP2a. List 3 board categories of tech used to destroy the organics in water

A

Chemical Oxidation
Biological Oxidation -
bio reduction - H2

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10
Q

SP2c. list the oxidants commonly used to destroy DO chemically

A

air, chromic acid, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, supper oxidation,
chlorine, ClO2

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11
Q

SP2c. list the oxidants commonly used to destroy DO chemically

A

air, chromic acid, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, supper oxidation,
chlorine, ClO2

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12
Q

SP2d. Chemicals sent to Swan Hills to be destroyed, what types of oxidation tech is used, what has to be done to the waste stream if heteroatoms are in the waste

A

Heteroatoms are atom that found in cyclical O compounds, does not include H,C. contains P,S,N,O, As
Bioreduction - reduced species such as h2S

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13
Q

SP2e. Advantages an disadvantages of Ozone and chlorine and recommend sutable application for each

A

Ozone:
ADV: low capex, source from air
DIS: high opex cuz use a lot of Electricity, toxic, strong oxidation, hard to handle, can not leave residual in water
Chlorine:
Application: disinfect water prior chlorination
ADV: leaves residual in water,easy to use, low capex
DIS: products are chlorinated substances
Application: kill bacteria and virus

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14
Q

SP2f. sometimes Ozone is used to remove DO from water and sometimes hydrogen peroxide is used. compare ADV, DIS of each method. Application

A

Hydrogen Peroxide:
ADV: not toxic as Ozone
DIS: reaction slow
Application: Toxicity reduction, BOD/COD removal

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15
Q

SP2g. O, OH, HOCl are oxidants used to eliminate dissolved organics from water. Give some of the chemicals used to supply these compounds

A

Ozone (O.)
Hydrogen peroxide (OH)
Chlorine - HOCl

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16
Q

SP2h. when BOIX is used to remove dissolved organics from water, do the microorganisms what supply the energy (delta G) for the reactions

A

supply: air (oxygen), water, carbon (food for the organisms)
the microorganism are required for the process: mircoorganism fed on the dissolved organic waste producing carbon dioxide and ater.
SOC: Synthetic organic carbon can not be dissolved by microorganism

17
Q

SP2i. List the requirements for the long term maintenance of the ecosystem required in BIOX and how they are supplied

A

Food/BOD: maintain control w efficient BOD removal, the proper amt of food must be supplied
DO: Insufficient oxygen level inhibit BOD removal
pH/toxicants: rapid change in pH or type of waste organic inhibit the process
Time; the degree of degradation varies with time
Nutrients: bac required to trace amt of N, P for cell maintenance
Temperature: low temp -> slow rate
high temps -> kill many strain of bac

18
Q

Adv and Dis of CHEMOX & BIOX

A

BIOX:
ADV: not dangerous like CHEMOX
DIS: reaction slow than CHEMOX (compare BOD5 and COD analyses
Different rate of bio-degradadion on # compounds

19
Q

SP2k. Define F/M ratio and then give the configurations which are suitable for streams with high F/M ratio and for low F/M ratio

A 
Food/ Microorganism ratio 
High F/M: 
-activated sludge oxidation 
Low F/M
-aeration basin and oxidation ditches (12-48)
20
Q

SP2l. which BIOX applications are suitable for a large foot print and which are suitable for a small foot print

A

-large foot print

21
Q

SP3a four ways to remove oil and grease from water

A
  1. separation
  2. coalescense
  3. filtration
  4. chemical treatment
22
Q

SP3b. two factors from the stokes equation are most significant for the removal of OG

A

size and density

23
Q

SP3c. some examples of where sheering forces on OG drops in water

A

Sheering energy break OG to small drops
when the mixture goes thru the pumps
affects on settling time require to remove OG from water: long time

24
Q

SP3d. baffles are sometimes added to skim tanks to improve separation of OG from water. what are the baffles added for, why is it that sometimes these baffles reduce separation efficiency

A

baffles are added -> shearing energy added to make the water droplets smaller and take more time to be separated
if designed is wrong, baffles can reduce separation efficiency
no baffles: water moves in narrow stream thru the tank

25
Q

SP3d. baffles are sometimes added to skim tanks to improve separation of OG from water. what are the baffles added for, why is it that sometimes these baffles reduce separation efficiency

A

baffles are added -> shearing energy added to make the water droplets smaller and take more time to be separated
if designed is wrong, baffles can reduce separation efficiency
no baffles: water moves in narrow stream thru the tank

26
Q

SP3E. folded API separators are fully designed to improve the separation of oil from water by optimizing two factors

A

Settling ponds with skimming on the top and water remove below
increasing Vt from increasing different in density by adding diluents (lighter fractions) to the oil

27
Q

SP3f. Term sorbant. explain how sorbants are used to increas

A

sorbant: polypropylene in the form of string or fabric in order to make large suface

28
Q

how sorbant are used to increase the size of droplets

A

adhesion: attraction bwt liquid and solid surface and wet the surface

29
Q

how the waste stream each type of sorbants are managed

A

silica sand : backwash
Polypropylene: adhesion great that oil stick irresversibly nutshell coalescing filter
coalescence: thin film on the surface with formed by adhesion wetting the surface

30
Q

SP3g. distinguish bwt IGF and DAF

A

Static Induced gas flotation units: bubble of oil stick to bubble of gas
dissolved air flotation: high pressure gas release

31
Q

Emulsion form when surfactants are added to mixtures of OG and water

A

smaller drops higher surface tension the less stable emulsion become
surfactants: non polar end dissolves in oil and polar end dissolves in water/ reduce the surface tension /give the surfae of the drop a charge

32
Q

some sources of surfactant in waste stream

A 
municipal waste:
soaps and detergents 
oil production facilities
acid: low pH =drops become charged 
corrosion inhibitor: wetting to stable the oil drops 
scale inhibitor:

Water/Waste Water Treatment (9 decks)

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