chap 11 Flashcards
a teachable, learnable process of developing , supporting, organizing, and orally presenting ideas
public speaking (presentational speaking)
someone who considers and adapts to the audience at ever stage of the public speaking process
audience centered public speaker
how can you build your confidence for public speaking
- understand public speaking anxiety
- know how to develop a speech
- be prepared
- focus on your audience
- give yourself a mental pop talk
- explore additional resources
- use deep breathing techniques
- take advantage of opportunities to speak
also known as stage fright or speaker anxiety; anxiety about speaking in public that is manifested in physiological symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, butterflies in the stomach, shaking knees and hands, quivering voice, and increased perspiration
public speaking anxiety
the mistaken belief that the physical manifestations of a speaker’s nervousness are apparent to an audience
illusion of transparency
the process of becoming more comfortable as you speak
habituation
selecting and narrowing your topic
- who is the audience
- what is the occasion
- what are my interests and experiences
- silent brainstorming
- web pages
- listening and reading for topic ideas
what could be a general purpose
to inform
to persuade
to entertain
the broad reason for giving a speech; to inform. to persuade, or to entertain and audience
general purpose
a concise statement of what listeners should be able to do by the time the speaker finishes the speech
specific purpose
a definitive point about a topic
central idea
a complete sentence that makes a statement as opposed to asking a question
declarative sentence
subdivisions of the central idea of a speech that provide detailed points of focus for developing the speech
main ideas
a website that indexes information on the world wide web in a specialized area
vertical search engine
what are sources of supporting material
yourself
the internet
online databases
traditional library holdings
a web search that ties words together so that a search engine can hunt for the resulting phrase
boolean search
a subscription based electronic resource that may offer access to abstracts or the full texts of entries in addition to bibliographic data
online databases
the collection of books in a library
stacks
material housed in the reference section of a library, such as encyclopedias, dictionaries, atlases, almanacs and books of quotations
reference resources
types of supporting material
- illustrations
- descriptions
- explanations
- definitions
- analogies
- statistics
- opinions
a story or anecdote that provides an example of an idea, issue, or problem the speaker is discussing
illustration
an example or story that has not actually occurred
hypothetical illustration
a word picture
description
a statement that makes clear how something is done or why it exists in its present or past form
explanation
