Chap. 10 analgesic drugs

Question 1

acute pain

Answer 1

pain that is sudden in onset, usually subsides when treated, and typically occurs over less than a 6-week period

Question 2

addiction

Answer 2

chronic, neurobiologic disease whose development is influenced by genetic, psychosocial and environmental factors (same as psychological dependence)

Question 3

adjuvant analgesic drugs

Answer 3

drugs that are added for combined therapy w/ a primary drug and may have additive or independent analgesic properties, or both

Question 4

agonist

Answer 4

a substance that binds to a receptor and causes a response

Question 5

agonists-antagonists

Answer 5

substances that bind to a receptor and cause a partial response that is not as strong as that caused by an agonist (partial agonist)

Question 6

analgesic ceiling effect

Answer 6

what occurs when a given pain drug no longer effectively controls a patient’s pain despite the admin of the highest safe doses

Question 7

analgesics

Answer 7

medications that relieve pain w/o causing loss of consciousness (painkillers)

Question 8

antagonist

Answer 8

drug that binds to a receptor and prevents (blocks) a response

Question 9

breakthrough pain

Answer 9

pain that occurs between doses of pain medication

Question 10

cancer pain

Answer 10

pain resulting from any of a variety of causes related to cancer and/or the metastasis of cancer

Question 11

central pain

Answer 11

pain resulting from any disorder that causes central nervous system damage

Question 12

chronic pain

Answer 12

persistent or recurring pain that is often difficult to treat. includes any pain lasting longer than 3-6 months, pain lasting longer than 1 month after healing of an acute injury, or pain that accompanies a non-healing tissue injury

Question 13

deep pain

Answer 13

pain that occurs in tissues below skin level; opposite of superficial pain

Question 14

gate theory

Answer 14

theory of pain transmission and pain relief; gate model explaining how impulses from damaged tissues are sensed in brain

Question 15

narcotics

Answer 15

legal term established under Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914; currently – used to referred to any medically used controlled substances and in legal setting to refer to any illicit or “street” drug

*narcos on netflix is a sick show just so ya know

Question 16

neuropathic pain

Answer 16

pain that results from a disturbance of function or pathologic change in a nerve

Question 17

nociception

Answer 17

processing of pain signals in the brain that gives rise to the feeling of pain

Question 18

nociceptors

Answer 18

subclass of sensory nerves (A and C fibers) that transmit pain signals to the CNS from other body parts

Question 19

nonopioid analgesics

Answer 19

analgesics that are not classified as opioids

Question 20

nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer 20

large, chemically diverse group of drugs that are analgesics and also possess antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity by are not corticosteroids

Question 21

opioid analgesics

Answer 21

synthetic drugs that bind to opiate receptors to relieve pain

Question 22

opioid naive

Answer 22

describes pts who are receiving opioid analgesics for the first time and who therefore are not accustomed to their effects

Question 23

opioid tolerance

Answer 23

normal physiologic condition that results from long-term opioid use, in which larger doses of opioids are required to maintain the same level of analgesia and in which abrupt discontinuation of the drug results in w/drawal symptoms (physical dependence)

Question 24

opioid withdrawal

Answer 24

the S/S assoc. w/ abstinence from or w/drawal of an opioid analgesic when the body has become physically dependent on the substance

Question 25

pain tolerance

Answer 25

amt. of pain a pt can endure w/o its interfering w/ normal function

Question 26

pain threshold

Answer 26

level of a stimulus that results in the sensation of pain

Question 27

partial agonist

Answer 27

drug that binds to a receptor and causes a response that is less than that caused by a full agonist

Question 28

psychologic dependence

Answer 28

pattern of compulsive use of opioids or any other addictive substance characterized by a continuous craving for the substance and the need to use it for effects other than pain relief (aka addiction)

Question 29

referred pain

Answer 29

pain occurring in an area away from the organ of origin

Question 30

somatic pain

Answer 30

pain that originates from skeletal muscles, ligaments or joints

Question 31

special pain situations

Answer 31

general term for pain control situations that are complex and whose treatment typically involves multiple meds, various health care personnel, and non-pharmacologic therapeutic modalities

Question 32

superficial pain

Answer 32

pain that originates from the skin or mucous membranes; opposite of deep pain (*duh, thanks bible book!)

Question 33

synergistic effects

Answer 33

drug interactions in which the effect of a combo. of two + drugs w/ similar actions is greater than the sum of the individual effects of the same drugs given alone

ex. 1+1 is greater than 2

Question 34

tolerance

Answer 34

general term for a state in which repetitive exposure to a given drug, over time, induces changes in drug receptors that reduce the drug’s effects (aka physical dependence)

Question 35

vascular pain

Answer 35

pain that results from pathology of the vascular or perivascular tissues

Question 36

visceral pain

Answer 36

pain that originates from organs or smooth muscles