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PSYC 2600 > chap 10 > Flashcards

chap 10 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the order of the transactional model of stress?

A

stressor > primary or secondary appraisal > coping > emotion > illness or adaption

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2
Q

T or F: intense negative emotions make it hard to problem-solve

A

T

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3
Q

explain the the gross & levenson (1997) case about watching video clips

A

participants watch sad or happy video clips, half told to suppress emotion, particoants not suppression were double as happy as participants who suppressed

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4
Q

How does one control emotion?

A

Suppression: I control my emotions by not suppressing them
reappraisal: I control my emotions by changing the way I think about the situation

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5
Q

what is a “self-concealer”?

A

someone who keeps bad experiences to themselves, or secreats

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6
Q

what is true of self concealers?

A

self concealers have worse mental health, relationship satisfaction, physical health, more loneliness, etc

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7
Q

T or F: keeping secret from a romantic partner causes reduction in trust, intimacy, and a excessive amount of stress

A

True

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8
Q

T or F: those who disclosed to partner a secret or explained emotional intimacy, had higher feelings of trust

A

True

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9
Q

what two strategies are their for controlling emotions? (emotional regulation)

A
  1. suppression (doesn’t work very well)
  2. reinterpretation/reappraisal (associates better with outcomes for self and relationships)
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10
Q

what are the benefits to expressing?

A

disclosure of emotions ignites support

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11
Q

what about stress makes a person better?

A

people who experience major events often say:
“it made me stronger”
“i learned about self”
“closer to family”
“strengthened faith”
“reset priorities”
ALL EQUAL GROWTH

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12
Q

T or F: stressful life events can equal cognitive aspects of personality?

A

T: can create goals, purpose, beliefs, values, enhance self-esteem, identity, understanding of self and world. etc

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13
Q

what is personal construct theory?

A

proposes that each person possesses unique filters for interpreting/anticipating events

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14
Q

what is the order of personal construct theory?

A

event> beliefs, fears, assumptions experiences, and learning history> does it make sense? > if no then reevaluate beliefs, fears, assumptions, etc.

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15
Q

T or F: adversity exposes faulty assumptions 

A

T: individuals, develop more sophisticated ways of understanding, self, others, world

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16
Q

New understandings equal …

A

sense of personal growth

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17
Q

what is the cognitive illusions perspective? (optimism)

A

most people have a distorted, overly optimistic view of themselves

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18
Q

optimistic view of self is a source of…

A

self esteem/well-being

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19
Q

T or F: major stressors are often a threat to self-esteem

A

T

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20
Q

how to defend threat to self l?

A

“selective” interpretation

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21
Q

what are examples of “selective” interpretation?

A

-Download social comparisons (I am doing better than most)
-regain mastery/control (self-blame but I can learn from it)
- see event as meaningful/purposeful (now I’m on a mission)

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22
Q

are reports of growth illusory?

A

there are validity issues:
-partner corroboration reports
of growth
-“growth” reported within weeks of trauma
-reports of growth ≠ adjustment

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23
Q

what good are positive emotions?

A

they help us think creatively, problem solve, build hope, optimism, build resources, time away from stress, physiological changes

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24
Q

what is suppression?

A

The defence mechanism to cope with distressing mental contents by voluntarily making efforts to put them out of conscious awareness

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25
Q

what is reappraisal?

A

an emotional regulation strategy that involves reframing the meaning of a situation to alter its emotional impact

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26
Q

what does the DSM-5 stand for? 

A

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

27
Q

what is the dsm-5

A

compendium of mental disorders: how they are defined, and the criteria for diagnosis

28
Q

something is considered a disorder when…

A

it…
A: departs significantly from “normal “range for a given culture
B: causes major distress/suffering, and
C: limits/prevent a persons ability to function in a normal society (like risk of harm to self/others)

29
Q

what would the DSM five classify as a “abnormal behaviour pattern”

A

when it’s abnormal in a statistical sense (like being rare), a socially acceptable sense (like being wrong or harmful to others) and/or a psychological sense (like being ineffective)

30
Q

Traditionally, how many personality disorders are they?

A

10

31
Q

name all four of the erratic/impulsive cluster of personality disorders

A
  1. antisocial personality disorder
  2. borderline personality disorder
  3. histrionic personality disorder
    4, narcissistic personality disorder
32
Q

explain antisocial, personality disorder:

A
  • disregard for social norms, aggression/hostility towards others, sadistic, lying, impulsive and irresponsible (usually since childhood)
  • lack of remorse, empathy, fear, and concern for others
  • similar to psychopath without charm and deceitfulness
33
Q

explain borderline personality disorder:

A
  • extremely unstable emotions, behavior, relationships
  • intense emotions, unstable sense of self, unpredictable, swings in thought, emotion, and behaviour
  • fear of being abandoned
34
Q

explain histrionic personality disorder:

A
  • excessive attention seeking and emotionality
  • sexually provocative
  • exaggerated behaviour
35
Q

explain narcissistic personality disorder:

A
  • strong need to be admired, exaggerated sense of superiority, entitled
  • lack of empathy
  • fragile self-esteem (threats to self-esteem met with aggression and rage)
36
Q

name all three eccentric personality disorders:

A
  1. schizoid personality disorder
  2. schizotypal personality disorder
  3. paranoid personality disorder
37
Q

explain schizoid personality disorder

A
  • socially detached, apathy for social relationships, solitary
  • emotionally bland/neutral
38
Q

explain schizotypal personality disorder

A
  • socially awkward, odd, eccentric
  • distressful, suspicious
  • unusual, bizarre perceptions and beliefs
39
Q

explain paranoid personality disorder

A
  • highly suspicious, jealous, distrustful of others
  • misinterpreting social events as threats
  • argumentative and hostile
40
Q

what are the three anxious personality disorders?

A
  1. avoidant personality disorder
  2. dependent personality disorder
  3. obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
41
Q

explain avoidant personality disorder

A
  • strong, fear of rejection, severe shyness
  • feelings of inadequacy (low SE) and sensitive to criticism
42
Q

explain dependent personality disorder

A
  • strong need to be taken care of
  • strong need for reassurance
  • submissive
43
Q

explain obsessive- compulsive personality disorder

A
  • excessive need for order and predictability
  • perfectionist
  • rigid/inflexible
44
Q

T or F:
traditionally, if one meets the criteria, then one has the personality disorder

A

True: but problems with that:
criteria suggests a prototype for each disorder, validity issues, there could be other personality disorders we haven’t defined

45
Q

what is a dimensional system in terms of personality disorders?

A

it is without erratic, eccentric, and anxious.
Instead, antisocial, avoidant, borderline, narcissistic, obsessive, compulsive, and schizotypal with “personality disorder ____”

46
Q

what does high neuroticism lead to?

A

NEGLECTFUL ACTIVITY
insecurity, helplessness, depression emotional lability and shamefulness

47
Q

what does low neuroticism lead to?

A

fearlessness, shamelessness

48
Q

what does high extroversion lead to?

A

attention seeking, excitement seeking

49
Q

what does low extraversion lead to?

A

DETACHMENT
detached coldness, social withdrawal

50
Q

what does high openness lead to?

A

PSYCHOTICISM
eccentricity, magicalthinking, perceptual dysregulation

51
Q

what does low openness lead to?

A

Closed-minded and inflexible 

52
Q

what does high agreeableness lead to?

A

gullibility, submissiveness, selflessness

53
Q

what does low agreeableness lead into?

A

ANTAGONISM
deceitfulness, grandiosity, manipulativeness, callousness, and suspiciousness

54
Q

what does high conscientiousness lead to?

A

workaholicism, perfectionism

55
Q

what does low conscientiousness lead to?

A

DISINHIBITION
irresponsibility, distractibility and rashness

56
Q

T or F: being extreme on one trait indicates a disorder

A

F: abnormality is continuous with normality

57
Q

What is a dimensional view of Personality disorders?

A
  • not an issue of present/absent, but degree of extremity and impairment
  • knows lege about normal range traits can inform disorders
  • no longer fitting prototype, less mi-diagnosis
  • focus on adaption
58
Q

T or F:
personality disorders are a problem of adaption given one’s traits

A

T

59
Q

what are the criticisms of DSM?

A

-each disorder assumed to have its own etiologie
-research focusses on one disorder in isolation of others
- unreliability
- High rates of comorbidity
- unscientific

60
Q

what is hiTOP?

A

hierarchical taxonomy of psychopathology:
recognizes overlapping symptoms, and dimensionality of disorders…
eg. there is a common aspect to almost all psychopathy, some cluster together

61
Q

what are the advantages of hiTOP?

A
  • reduces artificial comorbidity due to symptom overlap
  • helps identify common causes/roots across different disorders
  • allows for analysis at different levels or abstraction
    -dimensionaal vs discrete
62
Q

what is the guiding principle of cognitive perspective

A

*people different how they perceive and interpret the social world
* what are the filters (beliefs and assumptions) people use to interpret the world

63
Q

what are the perceptions of cognitive perspective (field…)

A

field dependence/independence

PSYC 2600 (10 decks)

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