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Psychology 2 > chap 10 > Flashcards

chap 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Personality

A

its a pattern of enduring , distinctive thoughts, emotiond and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world

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2
Q

Psychodynamic perspectives

A

theoretical views emphasizing that personality is primarily unconscious

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3
Q

what are the 3 structures of personality

A
  • Id
  • Ego
  • Superego
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4
Q

Id

A

its the part of the person that freud called the
‘’ it ‘’ , it bascially consists of unconscious drives and the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy

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5
Q

Ego

A

its part of the structure of personlity that deals with the demands of reality

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6
Q

Superego

A

its part of the structure of personlity that serves as the harsh internal judge of the individual’s behavior; its often referred to as conscience

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7
Q

what principle does the ID work with ?

A

the pleasure principle , which basically means ID always seeks pleasure

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8
Q

what principle does superego work with ?

A

the morality principle , its the moral compass

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9
Q

what principle does ego work with ?

A

the reality principle , it tries to bring the individual pleasure within the norms of society

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10
Q

Differences between ID , Ego , and superego

A

ID is completely unconscious but the Ego is partly conscious.
Ego bascally houses our higher mental functions ; reasoning , problem solving and decision making
Both ID and ego don’t consider whether something is right or wrong , on the other hand the superego is the harsh judge of our behavior
its also what we would call conscience and it evaluates the morality of our behavior

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11
Q

Defense mechanisms

A

are tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

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12
Q

Denial

A

in which the ego simply refuses to ackowledge anxiety-producing realities

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13
Q

Displacement

A

means directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target

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14
Q

Sublimation

A

is a special form of displacement which involves channeling the unwanted or unacceptable urges/feelings into a productive outlet ( accepted by the norms of society )

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15
Q

Projection

A

when we see in others those same impulses that we most fear or despise in ourselves

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16
Q

Reaction formation

A

is a defense mechanism in which a person’s conscious experience is exactly the opposite of their true unconscious desires

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17
Q

Repression

A

it pushes unacceptable id impulses back into the unconscious mind

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18
Q

what are the main points about the defense mechanism

A
  • defense mechanisms are unconscious ; we are not aware we are calling on them
  • when used in moderation or on temporary basis , defense mechanisms are not necessarily unhealthy . it can actually help relieve anxiety over particular experiences that may help people cope
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19
Q

Erogenous zones

A

are parts of the body that have especially strong pleasure-giving qualities at particular stages of development

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20
Q

3 stages of erogenous zones

A
  • oral stage ( first 18 months ) ; infant pleasure centers on the mouth
  • anal stage ( 18 to 36 ) ; during a time when most children are experiencing toliet training , so pleasure cneters involves the anus and urethra
  • phallic stage ( 3 to 6 years) ; pleasure focuss on the genitals
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21
Q

Oedipus complex

A

according to freud , its when a boy’s intense desire to replace his father and enjoy the affections of his mother

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22
Q

Latency period ( 6 years to puberty )

A

this phase is not a developmental stage but rather a kind of psychic time-out. After the drama of the phallic stage , the child sets aside all interest in sexuality

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23
Q

Genital stage ( adolesence and adulthood )

A

this stage is the time of sexual reawakening a point when the source of sexual pleasure shifts to someone outside the family

24
Q

Fixation

A

occurs when a particular psychosexual stage colors an individual’s adult personlity

25
Q

Example of fixation

A

For instance , an anal retentive person ( someone who is obessively neat and organized ) is fixated at the anal stage. So the idea of fixation explains how childhood experiences can have an enormous impact on adult personality

26
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Jungs term for the impersonal , deepest layer of the unconsicous mind , shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past

27
Q

Archetypes

A

Jung’s term for emotionally laden ideas and images in the collective unconscious that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people

28
Q

Individual psychology

A

Alders view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and that perfection, not pleasure , is thus the key motivator in human life

29
Q

Archytpes
Amima , Animus , Persona

A
  • Anima is belived to be the passive feminine side
  • Animus is believed to be an assertive masculine side
  • Persona it represents the public mask that we all wear during social interactions
30
Q

Compensation

A

is Adler’s term for the indivdual’s attenpt to overcome imagined orreal inferiorities or weaknesses by developing one’s own abilities

31
Q

Humanistic perspective

A

Theoretical views stressing a person’s capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities

32
Q

Unconditional positive regard

A

Rogers’s construct referring to the individual’s need to be accepted , valued and treated positively regardless of his or her behavior

33
Q

Conditions of worth

A

the standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others

34
Q

Trait theories

A

theoretical views stressing that personality consists of broad enduring dispositions ( traits ) that tend to lead to characteristic responses

35
Q

Big five factors of personality

A

the five broad traits that are thought to describe the main dimensions of personality; openness to experience , conscientiousness , extraversion , agreeableness, and neuroticism ( emotional instability )

36
Q

Neuroticism

A

is related to feeling negative emotion more often than positive emotion in one’s daily life and to experiencing more lingering negative states

37
Q

Extraversion

A

are more likely than others to engages in social activities , experience gratitude and show a strong sense of meaning in life

38
Q

Openness to experience

A

is related to liberal values, open-mindedness, tolerance and creativity

39
Q

Agreeableness

A

is related to generosity and altruism , to reports of religious faith , and to more satisfying romantic relationship

40
Q

Conscientiousness

A

is a key predictor of positive outcomes in a variety of life domains

41
Q

Subjective well-being

A

A person’s assessment of his or her own level of positive affect relative to negative affect , and an evaluation of his or her life in general.

42
Q

Social cognitive perspective

A

Theoretical views emphasizing conscious awareness , beliefs , expectations and goals

43
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

To describe the way behavior , environment and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality

44
Q

Personal control

A
  • Refers to the degree to which a person believes he or she is in charge of outcomes of behaviors.
  • Its also desribed as a sense of behavioral control as coming from inside the person ( internal locus of control ) or outside the person ( external locus of control )
45
Q

Self- efficacy

A

Is the belief that one can master a situation and produce positive change

46
Q

Cognitive affective processing systems ( CAPS )

A

Mischel’s theoretical model for describing that individuals thoughts and emotions about themselves and that world affect their behavior and become linked in ways that matter to that behavior

47
Q

Reinforcement sensitivity theory

A

A theory proposed by jeffrey gray identifying two biological systems linked to learning associations between behaviors and rewards or punishers. The behavioral activation system is sensitive to learning about rewards. The behavioral inhibition system is sensitive to learning about punishers

48
Q

Behavioral activation system ( BAS )

A

Is sensitive to rewards in the environment, predisposes one to feelings of positive emotion and underlies the trait of extraversion

49
Q

Behavioral inhibition system ( BIS )

A

Is sensitive to punishments and is involved in avoidance learning ; it predisposes the individual to feelings of fear and underlies the trait of neuroticism

50
Q

Behavioral genetics

A

The study of the inherited underpinnings of behavioral characteristics

51
Q

Self-report test

A

Also called an objective test or an inventory, a method of measuring personality characteristics that directly asks people whether specfic items describe their personality traits

52
Q

Empirically keyed test

A

A type of self-report test that presents many questionnaire items to two groups that are known to be different in some central way

53
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
( MMPI )

A

The most widely used and researched empirically keyed self-report personality test

54
Q

Face validity

A

The extent to which a test item appears to fit the particular trait it is measuring

55
Q

Projective test

A

it tests present individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to desrcibe it or tell a story about it - to project their own meaning onto the stimulus

56
Q

Rorschach inkblot test

A

A famous projective test that uses an indivdual’s perception of inkblots to determine his or her personality

57
Q

Thematic Apperception test ( TAT )

A

A projective test that is designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individual’s personality

Psychology 2 (3 decks)

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