Chap 1 Intro to psycho Flashcards
What is psychology
Scientific study of mind and behaviour
What type of psychologist use scientific methods to create new knowledge about the causes of behaviour
Research psychologists
What is the name of the “tendency to think that we could have predicted something that has already occurred that we probably would not have been able to predict”
Hindsight bias
Explain the general order of the scientific method
Theory, hypothesis, test the hypothesis, either confirmed or rejected : Confirmed ones lead to new hypothesis and/or strengthen theory, Rejected ones are retested or could alter existing theories
What are the three perspective of the biopsychosocial model
Biological, psychological (interpersonal), sociocultural
What is the focus of the biological perspective of the biopsychosocial model
Genes, brain anatomy and function and evolution
What is the focus of the psychological perspective of the biopsychosocial model
Behaviour, perception, thought, experience
What is the focus of the sociocultural perspective of the biopsychosocial model
Interpersonal relationships, families, groups, societies
Describe the school of thought structuralism
Used experiments and introspection to try to identify the basic elements of psychological experience (William Wundt)
Describe the school of thought Functionalism/Evolutionary psychology
Humans possess certain traits because they allowed their ancestors to survive and reproduce (William James)
Describe the school of thought Psychoanalytics / Psychodynamic
Focuses on the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings and memories and early childhood experiences (Freud)
Describe the school of thought Behaviourism
Trying to study the mind objectively is impossible and therefore that psychologists should focus on studying what is measurable and observable: behaviour. (Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner)
Describe the school of thought Cognitive
The sutry of mental processes, including perception, thinking, memory and judgements. (Noam Chomsky, Jean Piaget)
Describe the school of thought Socio-cultural
Culture and social situations and cultures in which people find themselves influence thinking and behaviour. (Leon Festinger)
What are in order the five Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
1) Physiological
2) Security
3) Social
4) Esteem
5) Self-actualization
Exemple of physiological needs
food, water, shelter, warmth
Exemple of Security needs
Safety, employment, assets
Exemple of Social needs
Family, friendship, intimacy, belonging
Exemple of Esteem needs
Self-worth, accomplishment, confidence
Exemple of Self-actualization
Inner fulfillment
What is empiricism?
States that the only source of knowledge comes through our senses – e.g. sight, hearing etc.
What is determinism
The determinist approach proposes that all behaviour is caused by preceding factors and is thus predictable
What is nature ?
Nature is your genes. The physical and personality traits determined by your genes stay the same irrespective of where you were born and raised
What is nurture?
Nurture refers to personal experiences, your childhood, or how you were brought up.
