Chap 1 Flashcards
What is a group
A group is an emphasis on social relations that link members to one another
Categorisation
Categorisation = Two or more individuals who perceive themselves to be members of the same social category
Communication
Communication is three or more people who think of themselves as a group, are interdependent (eg regard to shared goals or behaviours that affect or another, and communicate with one another (face to face or technological methods)
Influence
Influence is two or more persons who are interacting with one another in such a manner that each person influences and is influenced by each other.
Interrelations
Interrelations is an aggregation of two or more people who are in some degree in dynamic interrelation with one another
Relations
relation is individuals who stand in certain relations to each other, like having a shared purpose or having a common interest
Structure
Structure is a social unit which consists of a number of individuals who stand in definite status and role relationships to one another and which possesses a set of values or norms of its own regulating the behaviour of individual members, at least in matters of consequences to the group
Social unit
Social unit is a persons who recognise that they constitute a meaningful social unit, interact on that basis, and are committed to that social unity
Primary groups
A primary group is a small, intimate clusters of close associates such as families good friends or cliques of peers. These groups include behaviour, people think there very important part of their lives
Social secondary groups
Social secondary groups are formed due to the societies are becoming more complex, so did groups. They are less grouped together but still have common bonds. People you play sports with etc
Collectives
A collectives is some groups that come into existence when people are drawn together by an event or an activity or even danger but then the group dissolved when the experience ends
Social category
Social category is a collection of individuals who are similar to one another in some way. Eg citizens of Ireland are Irish. Gay people are sexually attracted to men etc. But if for example these categories set in motion personal or interpersonal processes of someone celebrates st Patrick’s day because of their Irish heritage.
Social identity
Social identity is that part of an individuals self concept which derives from his knowledge of his membership of a social group or groups together with the emotional significance attached to that membership
Composition
To understand a group, we must know something about the groups composition, the qualities of the individuals who are members of this group.
Boundaries
Boundaries are the relationships that link members to one another define who is in the group, and who is not. They are bounded by who is in the group and who is not.
Stereotype
A socially shared set of qualities characteristics and behaviours expectation ascribed to a particular group or category of people
Social network
Social network is a set of interpersonally interconnected individuals or group
Task interaction
Task interaction is the conjoint adjusted actions of group members that pertain to the groups project tasks and goals
Relationship interaction
Relationship interaction or socioemotional interaction is the jointly adjusted actions of group members that relate to or influx’s the nature and strength of the emotional and interpersonal bonds within the group, including both sustaining (social support, consideration), and undermining actions (criticism, conflict)
Interdependence
Interdependence is the mutual dependance as when ones outcomes, throughts, feelings, and experiences are influenced to some degree by other people
Group structure
Group structure is the organisation of a group including the members and their interactions
Role
A role is a socially shared set of behaviours, characteristics and responsibilities expected of people who occupy a particular position or type of position within a grou: by enacting roles, individuals establish regular patterns of exganche with one another that increase predictability and social coordination
Norm
A norm is a consensual and often implicit standard that describes which behaviours should and should not be formed in a given context
Group cohesion
The solidarity or unity of a group resulting from the development of strong and interpersonal bonds among members and group level forces that unify the group, such as shared commitment to group goals
Entitativity
Entitativy is the apparent cohesiveness or unity of an assemblage of individuals the quality of being a single entity rather than a set of interdependent, unrelated individuals
Essentialism
Essentialism is the belief that all things including individuals and Groups have a basic nature that makes them what they are and distinguished them from other things, a things essence is usually interferes rather than directly observed and is generally assumed to be relatively unchanging
Group dynamics
Group dynamics is the interpersonal process hag occur with and between groups, also the scientific study of those processes
Fundamental attribution error
Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the casual influence of dispositions factors while underemphasising the casual influence of situational factors
Reference power v expert power
Referent power is leaders ability to influence followers because of the followers admiration, respect for the leader.
Expert power is that the followers think the leader has bigh set of specialised skills or knowledge that no one else possesses.
Measurements
Observation
Self report
Physiological
Virtual reality
Measurement: observation
Observation is about
Think:what, where and when
Naive observers
Accuracy of observer
Types of observation;
Covert = no influence, info, ethical
Overt = info Hawthorne effect
Participant = hidden info, Hawthorne effect
Interaction process analysis
Interaction process analysis:
Social emotional relation so positive or negative
And the task so questions or attempted answers
For social emotional positive vs social emotional negative
Solidarity (jokes help rewards) integration with antagonism (deflates others status’, defends/asserts the self, hostile)
Tension release ( laughs, satisfaction, relieved) tension management to tension (withdraws)
Agreement (passive accept, understands) decision to disagreement (passively rejects, withholds help)
For task questions vs task attempted questions
Information (request orientations, repetition) orientation to information (orients, repeats, clairifies)
Opinion (request evaluation, analysis, expression of feeling) evaluation to opinion ( evaluates analyses)
Suggestion (requests direction, possible ways of action) control to suggestion (direct, suggests, implies)
Measurement: sociometry
Sociometry looks at:
Relations to
1. Asking questions
Who you like most, like least, give orders to
2. Organise in sociogram
Communication diagram of who communicates to who
Measurement: self report
Self report looks at clarity, avoid social desirability? And measure everything
It’s private, unaware and not disclosed
Measurements: physiological
Psychological can be measured at blood pressure, heart beat and skin conductance
It’s unaware and interpretation
