Chap 1

Question 1

What is a group

Answer 1

A group is an emphasis on social relations that link members to one another

Question 2

Categorisation

Answer 2

Categorisation = Two or more individuals who perceive themselves to be members of the same social category

Question 3

Communication

Answer 3

Communication is three or more people who think of themselves as a group, are interdependent (eg regard to shared goals or behaviours that affect or another, and communicate with one another (face to face or technological methods)

Question 4

Influence

Answer 4

Influence is two or more persons who are interacting with one another in such a manner that each person influences and is influenced by each other.

Question 5

Interrelations

Answer 5

Interrelations is an aggregation of two or more people who are in some degree in dynamic interrelation with one another

Question 6

Relations

Answer 6

relation is individuals who stand in certain relations to each other, like having a shared purpose or having a common interest

Question 7

Structure

Answer 7

Structure is a social unit which consists of a number of individuals who stand in definite status and role relationships to one another and which possesses a set of values or norms of its own regulating the behaviour of individual members, at least in matters of consequences to the group

Question 8

Social unit

Answer 8

Social unit is a persons who recognise that they constitute a meaningful social unit, interact on that basis, and are committed to that social unity

Question 9

Primary groups

Answer 9

A primary group is a small, intimate clusters of close associates such as families good friends or cliques of peers. These groups include behaviour, people think there very important part of their lives

Question 10

Social secondary groups

Answer 10

Social secondary groups are formed due to the societies are becoming more complex, so did groups. They are less grouped together but still have common bonds. People you play sports with etc

Question 11

Collectives

Answer 11

A collectives is some groups that come into existence when people are drawn together by an event or an activity or even danger but then the group dissolved when the experience ends

Question 12

Social category

Answer 12

Social category is a collection of individuals who are similar to one another in some way. Eg citizens of Ireland are Irish. Gay people are sexually attracted to men etc. But if for example these categories set in motion personal or interpersonal processes of someone celebrates st Patrick’s day because of their Irish heritage.

Question 13

Social identity

Answer 13

Social identity is that part of an individuals self concept which derives from his knowledge of his membership of a social group or groups together with the emotional significance attached to that membership

Question 14

Composition

Answer 14

To understand a group, we must know something about the groups composition, the qualities of the individuals who are members of this group.

Question 15

Boundaries

Answer 15

Boundaries are the relationships that link members to one another define who is in the group, and who is not. They are bounded by who is in the group and who is not.

Question 16

Stereotype

Answer 16

A socially shared set of qualities characteristics and behaviours expectation ascribed to a particular group or category of people

Question 17

Social network

Answer 17

Social network is a set of interpersonally interconnected individuals or group

Question 18

Task interaction

Answer 18

Task interaction is the conjoint adjusted actions of group members that pertain to the groups project tasks and goals

Question 19

Relationship interaction

Answer 19

Relationship interaction or socioemotional interaction is the jointly adjusted actions of group members that relate to or influx’s the nature and strength of the emotional and interpersonal bonds within the group, including both sustaining (social support, consideration), and undermining actions (criticism, conflict)

Question 20

Interdependence

Answer 20

Interdependence is the mutual dependance as when ones outcomes, throughts, feelings, and experiences are influenced to some degree by other people

Question 21

Group structure

Answer 21

Group structure is the organisation of a group including the members and their interactions

Question 22

Role

Answer 22

A role is a socially shared set of behaviours, characteristics and responsibilities expected of people who occupy a particular position or type of position within a grou: by enacting roles, individuals establish regular patterns of exganche with one another that increase predictability and social coordination

Question 23

Norm

Answer 23

A norm is a consensual and often implicit standard that describes which behaviours should and should not be formed in a given context

Question 24

Group cohesion

Answer 24

The solidarity or unity of a group resulting from the development of strong and interpersonal bonds among members and group level forces that unify the group, such as shared commitment to group goals

Question 25

Entitativity

Answer 25

Entitativy is the apparent cohesiveness or unity of an assemblage of individuals the quality of being a single entity rather than a set of interdependent, unrelated individuals

Question 26

Essentialism

Answer 26

Essentialism is the belief that all things including individuals and Groups have a basic nature that makes them what they are and distinguished them from other things, a things essence is usually interferes rather than directly observed and is generally assumed to be relatively unchanging

Question 27

Group dynamics

Answer 27

Group dynamics is the interpersonal process hag occur with and between groups, also the scientific study of those processes

Question 28

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 28

Fundamental attribution error is the tendency to overestimate the casual influence of dispositions factors while underemphasising the casual influence of situational factors

Question 29

Reference power v expert power

Answer 29

Referent power is leaders ability to influence followers because of the followers admiration, respect for the leader.

Expert power is that the followers think the leader has bigh set of specialised skills or knowledge that no one else possesses.

Question 30

Measurements

Answer 30

Observation
Self report
Physiological
Virtual reality

Question 31

Measurement: observation

Answer 31

Observation is about
Think:what, where and when
Naive observers
Accuracy of observer

Types of observation;
Covert = no influence, info, ethical
Overt = info Hawthorne effect
Participant = hidden info, Hawthorne effect

Question 32

Interaction process analysis

Answer 32

Interaction process analysis:

Social emotional relation so positive or negative

And the task so questions or attempted answers

For social emotional positive vs social emotional negative
Solidarity (jokes help rewards) integration with antagonism (deflates others status’, defends/asserts the self, hostile)

Tension release ( laughs, satisfaction, relieved) tension management to tension (withdraws)

Agreement (passive accept, understands) decision to disagreement (passively rejects, withholds help)

For task questions vs task attempted questions

Information (request orientations, repetition) orientation to information (orients, repeats, clairifies)
Opinion (request evaluation, analysis, expression of feeling) evaluation to opinion ( evaluates analyses)
Suggestion (requests direction, possible ways of action) control to suggestion (direct, suggests, implies)

Question 33

Measurement: sociometry

Answer 33

Sociometry looks at:
Relations to
1. Asking questions
Who you like most, like least, give orders to
2. Organise in sociogram
Communication diagram of who communicates to who

Question 34

Measurement: self report

Answer 34

Self report looks at clarity, avoid social desirability? And measure everything

It’s private, unaware and not disclosed

Question 35

Measurements: physiological

Answer 35

Psychological can be measured at blood pressure, heart beat and skin conductance

It’s unaware and interpretation