Chap 1 Flashcards
Reasoning
occurs when you conclude on thing on the basis of something else. Drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence.
Logic
is the systematic study of the standards of correct reasoning.
Deductive logic
the study of standards of the correct deductive reasoning.
Deductive reasoning
reasoning that aims that the conclusion must be true.
Formal logic
studies the abstract patterns or forms of correct reasoning. focuses on form rather then content. Uses characters and symbols.
Inductive logic
the study of standards of correct inductive reasoning
Inductive reasoning
reasoning that aims to show that a conclusion is probably true, although not certainly.
Informal logic
studies the non-formal aspects of the reasoning process that cannot be accurately translated into abstract symbols. Uses everyday language.
Aristotle
born 384 B.C. Greek philosopher, first published treatises of recorded history, father of philosophy.
Studied under Plato
Thales of Miletus
(625-546 BC) considered the founder of philosophy, rejected the Greek myths, used philosophy to explain the world instead. “But then why believe them?” Rational explanation of the universe. Put his reasoning in written form and passed it along for comment and debate.
Myths
orally passed colorful stories to answer fundamental questions.
Philosophy
the discipline that asks fundamental questions about the world and our place in it and attempts to answer those questions on the basis of unassisted reasoning and observable evidence alone, independent of unsubstantiated myth, unexamined tradition, and unquestioned authority of power
Plato
Greek Philosopher, Aristotle’s teacher, and founder of the first university in Western history, The Academy.
Rational Explanation
An explanation backed by one or more reasons to believe that it’s true.
