Chap 1-10

Question 1

What is the relationship between THEORY and RESEARCH?

Answer 1

Theory can guide research; research can test theory

Question 2

What are two ONTOLOGICAL debates?

Answer 2

Objectivist - reality, independent of our perception

Constructionist - (hard) interpretation only; (soft) intepret and real

Question 3

What is DEDUCTIVE method?

Answer 3

Theory > observ/find
Background research
test with empirical

Question 4

What is INDUCTIVE methods?

Answer 4

Observ/find > theory
-interpret outcome of theory
-examine data

Question 5

What is the relationship between ontological and social research?

Answer 5

-Research question formulation
-The way research is carried out

Question 6

What is EPISTEMOLOGY?

Answer 6

-Positivism
-Interpretivism
-Critical approach

Question 7

Define POSITIVISM?

Answer 7

principal of empiricism
generate hyposthesis to test

Question 8

Define INTERPRETIVISM?

Answer 8

interpret reality of their own lives

Question 9

Define CRITICAL APPROACH?

Answer 9

deductive and inductive
reject value free

Question 10

Define QUANTITATIVE?

Answer 10

use number and stats
more breadth than depth

Question 11

Define QUALITATIVE?

Answer 11

use words
more depth than breadth

Question 12

What influence social research?

Answer 12

-Theory
-Issue related to the researh question
-Epistemology
-Onotology
-Politics
-Values

Question 13

What is considered bias?

Answer 13

-Choice topic
-Formulation of the research question
-Choice method
-Actual analysis
-Interpretation of data
-Conclusions

Question 14

What is REFLEXIVITY?

Answer 14

-values and decision have an impact on the research
-personal biases are made explicit

Question 15

What are three position value?

Answer 15

-Value free
-Not value free; open to explicit

Question 16

Define NOMOTHETIC?

Answer 16

-cause&effect
-laws and principles
-QUANTITATIVE
-correlation, time order, non-spuriousness

Question 17

Define Idiographics?

Answer 17

-person or group who seek to explain
-QUALITATIVE

Question 18

What about research question?

Answer 18

-clear
-researchable
-establish theory and research
-contribute with existing knowledge

Question 19

What are the core overlapping principle?

Answer 19

-Respect for person: informing the participant about risk and benefit
-Concern for welfare: keep information confidential
-Justice: do not exclude any group

Question 20

What is a CONCEPT?

Answer 20

-idea or mental representation of things
-INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT

Question 21

Define INDEPENDENT?

Answer 21

Maniplated variable

Question 22

Define DEPENDENT?

Answer 22

is the outcome

Question 23

What is two type of concept?

Answer 23

Nominal: dictionary definition
Operational- concept is measured

Question 24

What is an INDICATOR?

Answer 24

Indicator indicate a link

Question 25

What is a simple random sample?

Answer 25

Same probability
Consecutive stating at 1

Question 26

What is the sampling ratio?

Answer 26

ratio = n/N

(e.g. (n) 1000; (N) 100,000 = ratio is 0.01

Question 27

What are three type of variable?

Answer 27

-Nominal
-Ordinal
-Interval/ratio

Question 28

What are measure of central tendency and describe?

Answer 28

Mode: most common score

Median: middle score when all score have been arrayed

Mean: Sum of all score, divided by the number of scores