Chaoter 4

Question 1

What are tissues

Answer 1

Groups of cells with similar structure and function

Question 2

Four primary types of tissues

Answer 2

Epithelium Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle

Question 3

Where is epithelial tissues found

Answer 3

Body coverings Body linings Glandular tissues

Question 4

Epithelium characteristics

Answer 4

Cells fit closely together Tissue layer always has one free surface The lower surface is bound by a basement membrane Avascular- (have no blood supply) Regenerate easily if it is nourished

Question 5

Cells are specialized for what

Answer 5

PArticular functions

Question 6

Classification of epithelium

Answer 6

Simple- one layer Stratified- more than one layer

Question 7

Shapes of cell

Answer 7

Squamous- flattened Cuboidal- cube-shaped Columnar- column- like

Question 8

Simple squamous

Answer 8

Single layer of flat cells Usually forms membranes Lines body cavities Lines lungs and capillaries

Question 9

Simple cuboidal

Answer 9

Single layer of cube like cells Common in glands and their ducts Forms walls of kidney tubules Covers the ovaries

Question 10

Simple columnar

Answer 10

Single layer of tall cells Often include goblet cells, which produce mucus Lines digest tract

Question 11

Pseudostratified

Answer 11

Single layer but some cells are shorter than others Often looks like a double cell layer Sometimes ciliated such as in the respiratory tract

Question 12

Stratified squamous

Answer 12

Cells at the free edge are flattened Found as protective covering where friction is common Found: skin, mouth, esophagus

Question 13

Transitional epithelium

Answer 13

Shape of cells depends upon the mount of stretching Lines organs of urinary system

Question 14

Glandular epithelium

Answer 14

Gland- one or more cells that secretes a particular function

Question 15

Two major gland types

Answer 15

Endocrine- ductless, secretion are hormones Exocrine- empty through ducts at epithelial surface( includes sweat and oil glands)

Question 16

Connective tissue

Answer 16

Found everywhere in the body

Question 17

Characteristic of tissues

Answer 17

Variations of blood supply Some are well vascularized Some have poor blood supply or are Avascular(cartilage and dense fibers)

Question 18

Two elements of tissues

Answer 18

Ground substances- mostly water along with adhesion proteins and polyscchrides molecules Fibers produced by cell

Question 19

Bone( osseus tissue)

Answer 19

Composed of bone cells in lacunae( cavities) Hard matrix of calcium salts Large numbers of collagen fibers Used to support and protect body

Question 20

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 20

Most common Composed of: abundant collagen fibers Rubber matrix The entire fetal skeleton is made of this

Question 21

Fiber cartilage

Answer 21

Highly compressible And example: forms cushion like discs between vertebrae

Question 22

Dense connective tissue

Answer 22

Main matrix element is colleges fibers Cells are fibroblasts Ex: tendons and ligaments

Question 23

Tendons

Answer 23

Muscle to bone

Question 24

Ligament

Answer 24

Bone to bone

Question 25

Areolar

Answer 25

Most widely distributed tissue Soft and pliable Contains all fiber types Can soak up excess fluid

Question 26

Adipose

Answer 26

Matrix is an Areolar Tissue in fat globules Many cells contain large lipid deposits Functions: Insulate body Protects some organs Serves as site of fuel storage

Question 27

Reticular connective tissue

Answer 27

Delicate network of interwoven fibers Forms stroma( internal supporting network of): Lymph nodes Spleen Bone marrow

Question 28

Blood

Answer 28

Blood cells surround by fluid matrix Fibers visible during clotting Functions as transport vehicle for material

Question 29

Function of muscle tissue

Answer 29

Produce movements

Question 30

Skeletal muscle

Answer 30

Can be controlled voluntarily Cells attached to connective tissue Cells are striated Cells have more than one nucleus

Question 31

Cardiac muscle

Answer 31

Found only in the heart Function is to pump blood involuntarily Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells are intercalated disks Cells are striated One nucleus per cell

Question 32

Smooth muscle

Answer 32

Involuntary muscle Surrounds hallow organs Attached to other smooth muscles cells No visible striations One nucleus per cell

Question 33

Nervous tissue

Answer 33

Neurons and support cells or neuroglial cells Functions to send impulses to other areas of the body

Question 34

Regeneration

Answer 34

Replacement of destroyed tissue by same kind of cells

Question 35

Fibrosis

Answer 35

Repair by dense fibrous connective tissues(scar tissue)

Question 36

Capillaries become what during tissue repair

Answer 36

Permeable and they introduce clotting proteins to wall off injured area

Question 37

Second and third step of tissue repair

Answer 37

Formation of granulation tissue Regeneration of surface epithelium

Question 38

Tissues that regenerate easily

Answer 38

Epithelial tissue Fibrous connective tissue Bone

Question 39

Tissue that regenerate poorly

Answer 39

Skeletal muscle

Question 40

Tissues that are replaced largely by scar tissue

Answer 40

Cardiac muscle Nervous tissue within brain and spinal chord

Question 41

Answer 41

Simple squamous epithelial

Question 42

Name the image

Answer 42

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 43

Name image