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Human Geography > Chaning Places Content > Flashcards

Chaning Places Content Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s Penistone’s Location?

A

-South Yorkshire
-14.6 miles north of Sheffield

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2
Q

What’s the locale of penistone?

A

-Market town,
-Trans pennine trail,
-Penistone show/ Gala.

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3
Q

What’s Harlems Location?

A

-Neighbourhood in Manhattan, NYC, New York,
-1 mile north from Central Park,
-10.1 miles north of Statue of Liberty.

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4
Q

What’s Harlem’s Locale?

A

Known for its African-American heritage.
Known for its vibrant nightlife, Jazz clubs and soul food institutions.

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5
Q

What’s Harlems sense of place?

A

Described as “cultural centre of black America”.
Religious attachments - Christian background.

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6
Q

How are places made placeless?

A

Everywhere looks the same because there’s no unique shops (all chain shops).
No colours, buildings are all grey, white or black and no unique architecture.

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7
Q

How can places retain the heir uniqueness?

A

Individual architecture.
Preserve independent businesses.

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8
Q

How does globalisation affect placelessness?

A

Erodes local culture and some places become homogenised.

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9
Q

How does glocalisation affect placelessness?

A

For example: McDonalds Franchise have special items on the menu for specific places (Crispy Chinese, McCurry Pan)

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10
Q

What was a local response to the threat of placelessness?

A

2012 - Costa attempted to open a store in Totnes:
75% of town signed a petition saying they support independent businesses and would boycott any shop chain,
5745 people signed petition,
Over 100 people protested.

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11
Q

Examples of endogenous factors:

A

Soil and rock type,
Ethnic makeup,
Population size.

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12
Q

Examples of exogenous factors:

A

Trade links,
Investment,
Government policy.

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13
Q

Agents of change: “government policy” and its impact on place:

A

Building of Meadowhall on derelict land:
Job opportunities,
Pulls people out of the city,
Increase in traffic.

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14
Q

Agents of change: “decisions of multinational corporations” and its impact on place:

A

Tara steel announced 1000 job losses (Stocksbridge business sold):
Job losses, local people will be out of work.

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15
Q

Positive exogenous factors:

A

Increased social mobility of people.
Multicultural society as a result of migration.

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16
Q

Negative exogenous factors:

A

De-industrialisation.
Conflict due to “new comers”

17
Q

What are some exogenous factors impacting New York?

A

36% of NYC population is foreign born (Dominican republic, China)
2 airports (LaGuardia and JFK) helps trade and tourism.
Lots of trade from other counties (UK and China)

18
Q

What factors cause a place to change?

A

Conflict (War).
Natural Events (hurricane, earthquake ect).
Demographic (Infant mortality rate, better jobs and schools etc).

19
Q

Continuity and change over time: NYC past people event.

A

By 1950s, 80% of NY are native born:
Increases immigration.
Multicultural society.
Could lead to ethnic segregation.

20
Q

Continuity and change over time: NYC present people event

A

911 destroyed World Trade Centre, killing almost 3,000 people:
Negative perception of NYC.
Lack of travel.
Damaged NY reputation.

21
Q

Continuity and change over time: NYC past resources event

A

After WW2 NYC was home to 135/500 largest industrial companies:
Able to export goods (steel).

22
Q

Continuity and change over time: NYC present money event

A

9/11 attacks led to a temporary stop of businesses:
Job losses.
Decrease in wages.
Affects exports.

23
Q

Continuity and change over time: NYC past money event

A

NYC boomed in roaring 20s before Wall Street crash of 1929:
Increased money and income for residents.

24
Q

Continuity and change over time: Penistone past people event

A

1392: John Clarel gifted land in order to build PGS:
Improved education.
Job opportunities (teachers, cleaners etc).

25
Q

Continuity and change over time: Penistone Present people event

A

Dransfield properties invested £15 million into redesigning market barn:
Increased jobs.
Brings people into area.

26
Q

Continuity and change over time: Penistone past money event

A

Building of viaduct:
Brings in people.
Transport links.

27
Q

Continuity and change over time: Penistone present money event

A

Thriving market:
Brings in people.
Brings in business.

28
Q

How have government policy’s and the decisions if MNCs impacted people and place of NYC?

A

Policy: 1942 federal immigration quota, reduced the rates of immigration.
People: less cultural, people won’t integrate as easily.
Place: less multicultural.

29
Q

How have resources shaped NYC?

A

By late 1940s NY became worlds largest manufacturing centre (40,000 factories):
More employment.
Increased trade.
More jobs for migrants and locals.

30
Q

How has money and investment shaped NYC?

A

Mid to late 1990s Wall Street stock market boomed:
Increase in economy and higher paid jobs.
Increased taxes - harder for young people to pay.

31
Q

How have shifting flows of people shaped Penistone?

A

Population increased by 15% from 2001:
More houses.
Increase in traffic.
More older people.
House prices increased.

32
Q

How have resources shaped Penistone?

A

Market is smaller and less diverse:
More family’s who are mainly white.
Poverty decline due to migration of wealthy family’s.

33
Q

How was Harlem represented in 1904?

A

Mass movement of black family’s into Harlem caused a real estate crash as white, Italian and Jewish immigrants didn’t want to rent houses here.

34
Q

How was Harlem represented in 1935?

A

Great Depression.
Led to riots due to redundancies and business closures.

35
Q

How was Harlem represented in the 1960s and 70s?

A

Nationalist groups formed (black panthers)
Martin Luther king Jr.
Drug addiction increased higher than New York average.

36
Q

How was Harlem represented in the 1990s and 2008?

A

1990s: property prices increased by 300%.
2008: population increased.

37
Q

I heart NYC

A

Made to increase tourism as crime and drugs was high.
Milton Glaser (graphic designer) campaigned through a commercial using 80 broadway stars which resulted in 93,000 requests for tourism.
Logo was put on mugs etc.
NY had gained a negative perception due to crime, drugs and son of Sam.

38
Q

One NYC

A

Made to improve perception post 9/11 (largest terrorist attack killing 2,996).
Mayor Bloomberg employed Wolf Ollins.
tourism increased by 5%.
Before one NYC restaurants where losing $6 - $10 million per day.

Human Geography (5 decks)

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