Changing Urban Environments Flashcards
What is urbanisation?
A process where an increasing proportion of the population lives in towns and cities (and there is a reduction in rural living).
Explain what rural-urban migration?
A process in which people move from the country side to towns.
What are push and pull factors?
Factors that push people away from an area or draw people to an area.
What does natural increase mean?
when birth rate is higher than death rate so the population increases.
The term land use means?
The type of building or other features that are found in the area. e.g. terraced housing, banks, industrial estates, roads and parks.
What does CBD mean? Where is it normally located and why?
Central business district is the main shopping and service area in a city. The CBD is usually found within the centre of the city so that it is easily accessible.
An inner city is?
The area around the CBD which is usually build before 1918 in the UK.
Suburbs are?
The area on the edge of the city. Many suburbs were built after 1945 and get newer as they reach the edge of the city.
What does rural-urban fringe mean?
The area where the suburbs merge into the countryside e.g. Abbotts Leigh, near Bristol.
A brownfield site is?
Land that has been built on before and is to be cleared and reused. These sites are often in the inner city.
Greenfield site is?
Land that has never been built on before, usually in the countryside on the edge of the built up area.
What does Urban decay mean?
When an urban area goes into decline- this has happened in the UK’s inner city areas over the last 50 years.
Improving an area is known as what?
Regeneration- many schemes have been put in place to regenerate the UK’s inner city areas.
What does UDCs mean? when were they set up and by what means?
Urban development corporations- Set up in the 1980s and 1990s using public funding to buy land and improve inner areas of cities, partly by attracting private investment. e.g. London Docklands development corporation.
What does city challenge mean?
A strategy in which local authorities had to design a scheme and submit a bid for funding, competing against other councils. They also had to become part of a partnership involving the local community and private companies who would fund part of the development. e.g. city challenge Hulme, Manchester.
What is sustainable communities?
A community offering housing, employment and recreation and leisure facilities all in the same local area. The community is in balance with the environment and offers people a good quality of life. e.g. Olympic park, Stratford, London
Name factors giving quality of life?
Quality of housing, environmental quality, education, health care, security and social wellbeing.
What can traffic congestion cause?
Traffic becomes to great for transport networks leading to air pollution, noise pollution, health problems and discolouration of buildings.
What do park and ride schemes do?
A bus service that runs from car parks in the suburbs to key place in the inner city and CBD. Reduces congestion. Costs are kept low to encourage people to use the scheme.
