Changing Spaces Making Places

Question 1

How do populations change

Answer 1

Through the processes of movement of people,capital, information and resources making places heterogeneous( mix of cultures and demographics).

Question 2

Why have places increased in population

Answer 2

Increased birth rates,decreasing death rates and large numbers of migrants e.g Ukraine

Question 3

Uk population

Answer 3

Overall ageing population, London and the south east have a rapid pop growth rate whereas north east have been growing at a slower rate.

Question 4

What’s the rural continuum

Answer 4

Clasicification that distinguishes metropolitan counties by pop size.

Question 5

Fertility rates and mortality rates

Answer 5

Higher fertility rates like Niger, has larger families and a growing pop. Higher mortality rates like Ukraine, face natural decreases and declining pop.

Question 6

Population characteristics (China and Southall in London.)

Answer 6

POP characteristics can have variations in gender and ethnicity, china gender imbalance more W then M due to one child policy having to abandon daughters in favour of having sons.
Culture diversity, explained by social clustering e,g southall being called ‘little India’

Question 7

Culture and society in UK

Answer 7

Uneven demographic and culture patterns e.g London highly diverse with a mix of British,Indian,African and Chinese. Some due to international migrant flows eg. 1950s uk accepted migrants from west-indies to fill industrial jobs.and free momevemtn of people contract from people in Europe to uk.

Question 8

Governments role in allows flows of migrants

Answer 8

They can create specific places of worship and foods, eg David Cameron visited places of worship in uk to create sense of unity and acceptance. To inspire and encourage integration of migrants.

Question 9

Segregation

Answer 9

Ethnic segregation is closely related to economic indicators like employees,not and income and social indicators like education and health. There can be social characteristics that reflect an ethnicity and culture like Indian takeaways and places of worship.eg in southall.

Question 10

Arrivals of migrants changing diverse places

Answer 10

Can cause riots eg riots over British workers being denied from jobs as eu workers have been better skilled. May build new building like places of worship that locals don’t agree with then face social exclusion eg Glasgow.

Question 11

Gentrification

Answer 11

The process of reneveating a place to make it more attractive to middle class and business world.eg London docklands.
Eg Hounslow, became more cultural and diverse leading to pop growing massively however leading to overcrowding impacting social well-being.

Question 12

Successful regions (economic and social inequalities.)

Answer 12

San Francisco Bay, high rates employment,inward migration, high property prices creates a wealthy developing region.

Question 13

Places facing a cycle of decline

Answer 13

Where one factor exacerbates another, Rust belt USA, the reconstruction has caused worsening education, health, crime and access.
Regeneration done to balance social and economic inequalities, business opportunities arise improving social and quality of life.

Question 14

Urban places

Answer 14

During industrialisation perceived as dangerous as hotspots for crim (Victoria London)
Today may seem more attractive retail based, invite tourism and young ppl and migrants due to the range of economic and social-leisure activities on offer.
However some urban areas like Newham, are still seen as dangerous due to low living standards, and poor population characteristics.

Question 15

Rural places

Answer 15

Often seem as idyllic bc of there nature landscapes .
Others view negatively bc of remoteness , limited opportunities and services. Eg Taunton in Somerset nearest hospital is 70 mins away.
Some see as retirement places or holiday villages.

Question 16

Urban regeneration (belfast)

Answer 16

To increase employment, max tourism and create a green centre.
£18.77 million

Question 17

Role of UK givernemnt policies

Answer 17

It’s often the role of national governments to facilitate regeneration projects e.g by investing into rails and airport developments can improve accessibility to these projects.
Governments may prioritise national over local needs which can delay regeneration and worsen inequalities.

Question 18

Local gov policies - Urban and rural regeneration strategies include :

Answer 18

Retail led plans - creates business and job opportunities
Tourism- brings money to area and flow of culture
Leisure and sport - community integration and social well-being.

Question 19

Evaluating the need for regeneration

Answer 19

Collecting statistical data eg talking how many people enjoy living there, and deprivation scores.
And look at media.

Question 20

Changing public perceptions (rebranding)

Answer 20

Attempts to prepress areas as being more attractive by improving public perceptions through reimaging through media.
Rural rebranding focuses more on farm diversification, outdoor pursuits and adventure.

Question 21

Measuring success

Answer 21

Income, poverty and employment.
Regeneration will be most successful if it leads to improvements in the living environment as this leads to improvements in social and economic security , improvements in living environment can be monitored by pollution levels and number of abandoned houses/land.

Question 22

Case study (contrasting between two places in social inequality )
Northwood,Irvine,Southern California

Answer 22

Future - remain its ranking of one of best cities to live in bc of high paid employment , education and easy access to beach.
Income- median income of $113,000 a year (2018), good access to employment, Kia headquarters.
Health - air pollution is low and excellent health care
Education - best achieving high schools in US, 20% achieve a masters.
Housing - 91% own a home, large lots.

Question 23

Case study (contrast of two places in social inequality)
Jembatan Besi, Indonesia

Answer 23

Future - clearing slum areas , upgrading houses and electricity.
Income - self employed, service based business usually selling food, crowded conditions and little workers rights.
Health - few toilets, flush into streets. Human waste mixed with drinking water causes diseases like cholera.
Education - slum schools are poor, working from young age.

Question 24

Strategies for rebranding

Answer 24

• market led - involves private investors aiming to make a profit, eg property developers in London for restaurants and bars.
  -top down - involves large scale organisations eg local authorities.
  -Flagship development - large one off property projects, act as catalyst for further investment eg millennium stadium Cardiff.
  -Legacy - following sporting events which brought investment eg olympics London.
  -Events or themes - major festivals

Question 25

Case study (Tel Aviv rebranding )

Answer 25

About - Israel’s 2nd largest city, Israel’s only stock exchange and home to a hi-tech hub.
24hr culture , focused on attracting younger ppl , plans for 120,000 new housing. Slogan non stop city “night runs” restaurants and nightlife open till later times. Habima theatre had $26mil redevelopment.
Israel’s solar roof project and encouraging to adapt green practices like sustainable water.

Rebranding of tel aviv port - closed as wasn’t fully utilised, redeveloped,not helped link north and south sides of city , 5mil dollars, old port warehouses re developed into restaurants and bars.

Question 26

Birmingham case study (change and regeneration)

Answer 26

1.1mil residents making it 2nd largest city in the uk and about 25% of British manufactured exports are from Birmingham.
The city is a product of the industrial revelation and names the city of a thousand trades.1750s-1900s = primary/secondary job sector iron and coal.the first players to influence change were the de beemingham family who purchased a charter in order to hold a market.
The Cadbury family set up a bournville factory and modern village for workers on the outskirts of the city. Opening of Lloyd bank started increasing employment and wages.
-urban expansion - 1950s-2000s job sector solely tertiary , 128% rise in employment.the middle class who could afford to commute helped the growth of trams, suburban railways and later buses and cars.
The development of the bull ring shopping centre was europes first major indoor shopping centre and £700million was invested into new street station, holding retailers like John Lewis creating an area called grand central.
Pop- now youthful only 13% accounted for elderly 65+, due to 5 university’s , multiplier effect spending in restaurants and bars.
Culture- many migrants settling in Aston and soho, bc of affordable terraced housing, growth in vibrant communities, 13% of Birmingham were Pakistanis (2011).