Changing population - Forced migration Flashcards
What is a refugee?
A person forced to leave their own country due to persecution, conflict, human rights or national disasters
What is an asylum seeker?
A person that has left their own home in search of protection in another country, but whose claim for refugee status has not yet been decided
What is an internally displaced person (IDP)?
A person forced to flee their home due to persecution, conflict, human rights violations or natural disasters
- but still living within their own country
When did the Arab Spring protests take place?
2011
What was the Arab Spring?
A series of political protests + uprisings against political dictators in the Arab world during 2011
- Largest change in Arab politics + democracy in decades
Where did the Arab Spring take place?
Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Syria
What happened after the Arab Spring Protests?
- In Lebanon, Morocco, Algeria, Oman, Jordan and Kuwait the government was not overthrown but changes were made
- In Egypt the government was overthrown but the new government was still developing
- In Libya, Syria and Yemen they were fighting a civil war
- In Saudi Arabia, protests were stopped and no major changes made
- In Tunisia the government was overthrown and a successful transition to democracy was made
Why did conflict lead to forced migration in Syria?
- Lack of respect for human rights, democracy, free speech
- Led to protests + conflict - leading to a decline of economic, social + political development, undermining ‘quality of life’
- 30% housing destroyed/ damaged
- 400,000 estimate Syrian deaths
What was the 2018 estimate for how many Syrians had fled from Syria since 2011?
5.6 million refugees
- and more than 6 million internally displaced
What is the long-term situation of the Syrian refugee crisis?
- Lack of respect or recognition of human rights
- Assad family - state control 40years
- Dictatorship - police state
- No political opposition tolerated
- No free speech, no free press
- Internet searches, email accounts monitored
- Brutality + rule by fear
Syrian refugee crisis 2011 onwards?
- Arab spring uprisings - ideas spread to Syria
- Teenagers in Derra - graffiti anti-government slogans
- 10 days detention + torture
- Public protest begin against state behaviour + demanding for the Assad government to step down
What was the government response to the protests in Syria?
- Government response - suppress the protests
- Military response - escalation of protests
- Siege + bombardment of cities such as Homs
What did the government response to the protests cause?
Insurgent groups + extremists (ISIS) moving into Syria
Why did 5.6 million refugees migrate (+ more than 6 million IDPs)?
Because of the decline in development + quality of life resulting from conflict
What happened to the Human Development Index (HDI) in Syria due to the conflict?
- Without the conflict UNDP estimate Syrian HDI would have increased from 0.646 in 2011 to 0.667 by 2014, keeping the country in the “medium human development” group
- However, because of the conflict Syria’s HDI fell from 0.646 in 2011 to 0.472 in 2014 putting it among the “low human development” group