Changing Places - Unit 5

Question 1

What does Cloke’s 1979 model of urban-rural continuum show?

Answer 1

It categorises rural areas

Question 2

What model is used to categorise rural areas?

Answer 2

Cloke’s 1979 model of urban-rural continuum

Question 3

Name 5 issues that rural settlements face

Answer 3

1- Ageing population and population decline
2- Service provision
3- Transport provision
4- Telecommunication/broadband provision
5- Housing availability and costs

Question 4

Why is there an age difference between rural and urban populations?

Answer 4

• Retired, no job so want to move out of the city
• Don’t usually need internet often so that won’t affect them
• Younger people move to city for better jobs and more money
• Family, good place to raise kids
• Less crime
• Housing prices are more expensive in urban areas

Question 5

Give 3 effects that rural depopulation has had on service provision in rural settements?

Answer 5

• Rationalisation of public services, leading to closure of primary schools, doctor surgeries, etc.
• Branch closures, e.g. banks
• Reduction in frequency of bus services

Question 6

According to the Rural Shops Alliance, how many village shops are closing their doors every year and how many have shut in the past decade?

Answer 6

300 each year and 2,500 in the past decade

Question 7

Name a case study of a remote declining village

Answer 7

St John’s Chapel, County Durham

Question 8

Give 4 key points that St John’s Chapel is a declining settlements

Answer 8

1- Population in 1991 was 442, in 2011 was 270
2- Male unemployment = 17%
4- Nearest secondary school = 14 miles away
5- Nearest library = 22 miles away

Question 9

What 2 categories can housing issues be grouped in?

Answer 9

1- Second-home ownership

2- Counter-urbanisation

Question 10

Name a case study showing the issues with second homes

Answer 10

Second homes in Cornwall

Question 11

What effect has the demand for second homes in Cornwall had on house prices?

Answer 11

They have increased - in some areas costing 9x more than annual earnings

Question 12

Give an example of a Cornish village with second homes

Answer 12

Helford

Question 13

What evidence is there to support the issue of high levels of second home ownership n Helford?

Answer 13

• 25% now have a second home in Helford in comparison to the 2011 national at only 3%
• There is a higher percentage of people aged 25-60 (50%) in 2011 and only 1% of people ages 16-24

Question 14

Name 5 pull factors for second home owners?

Answer 14

1- Less noise/crime etc
2- Quiet/isolated
3- Scenic views
4- Big house
5- Outdoor activities

Question 15

Name some negative impacts of second homes in Helford

Answer 15

1- 1/4 empty, ‘ghost town’

2- 70% homes empty

Question 16

Name some positive impacts of second homes in Helford

Answer 16

1- More jobs due to the multiplier effect

2- Adds to local economy

Question 17

What action is being taken to reduce effects of second home ownership?

Answer 17

• A ban on second homes is on course to be extended in Cornwall
• St Ives voted by 83% to ban second home ownership

Question 18

What is counter-urbanisation?

Answer 18

A process in which people move from urban settlements into rural areas

Question 19

What was counter-urbanisation facilitated by?

Answer 19

Increased mobility of the population due to:
1- Increased vehicle ownership
2- Improvements to road systems

Question 20

Name a case study showing counter-urbanisation

Answer 20

St. Ives, Cambridgeshire

Question 21

Give 3 impacts of counter-urbanisation in St. Ives

Answer 21

1- Average house price has risen from 130,000 in 2000 to 290,000 in 2010
2- A14 traffic congestion has radically risen
3- Locals can’t afford rent and so have been moved to a new area due to gentrification

Question 22

Give 3 characteristics of St. Ives

Answer 22

1- 70 miles of London
2- 1961 population = 3,800
3- 2010 population = 16,400

Question 23

Give 3 management strategies for counter-urbanisation

Answer 23

1- Expanding of schools in St. Ives to accomodate an extra 240+ pupils
2- 200 new homes set to be built with 75 of those being affordable housing
3- £116 million guided busway from St. Ives to Huntington and Cambridge to reduce congestion along A14 and the use of Huntington Station as people take the train to London