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Geography > Changing Places > Flashcards

Changing Places Flashcards

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1
Q

What is place making ?

A

Deliberate shaking of an environment to facilitate social interaction and improve a communities quality of life

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2
Q

3 aspects of place ?

A

Locale= place is shaped by people and customs within it

Sense of place= subjective emotional attachment people have to a place

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3
Q

Theoretical approaches to place ?

A

1) descriptive approach
World is a set of places that is studyable and distinct

2) social constructionist approach
Sees place a product of a set of particular social processes e.g read algae square comemorating naval victory

3) phenomenological approach
- interested in how individual person see the place

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4
Q

3 aspects of importance of place to humans ?

A

Identity

Belonging

Wellbeing

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5
Q

What is identity ?

A

Evident in nationalism as people identify as ‘British’ therefore expressing the importance of the place they were from, can be at local level e.g Mancunian, resurgence of Welsh has lead to stronger Welsh identity

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6
Q

What is belonging ?

A
  • Means to be part of the community
  • sense of belonging can be influenced by many factors e.g age gender and race
  • through globalisation places have become more multicultural
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7
Q

What is wellbeing ?

A

Certain features in a place generally accepted to be important in promoting happiness and wellbeing, different factors important to different people

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8
Q

What did Massey argue?

A

Places aren’t static but dynamic and have no boundaries with multiple identities

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9
Q

What is globalisation of place ?

A
  • some argue globalisation has homogenised places through increased presence of global chains e.g Starbucks
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10
Q

What is a clone town ?

A

Settlement where high street is dominated by chain stores (TNCs) = placeless

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11
Q

Example of a place trying to stop homogenisation ?

A

Anti costa campaign in Devon equally chains are aiming to adapt to the local places through globalisation

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12
Q

What is localisation of place ?

A

E.g Devon encouraging people to spend locally to prevent leakage from local economy into global financial systems

E.g Bristol pound

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13
Q

Transition town movement ?

A

Create to tackle oil peak and climate change but now works on dilution of place and loss of community-owned breweries and creating community owners energy

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14
Q

Insider and outsider perspectives on place ?

A
  • people have Strong relationships with places they’re familiar with
  • people and practises become strongly linked to places and when these links are broken people who break these links appear to have committed a crime
  • gender is important example of how place was established e.g woman’s place was stereotypically At home
  • significance people attach to a place may be influenced by feeling aid alienation or belonging
  • place attachment comes with positive experience of a place
  • migrants often seen as outsider of a place e.g Britain first makes immigrants seen as outsiders
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15
Q

Experienced place ?

A

Places where a person has spent time in

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16
Q

Media place ?

A

Those a person has only seen through media

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17
Q

Example how media can skew reality of places ?

A

Magazines displaying rural areas as idyllic reinforcing nostalgic memories and hiding problems of rural areas such as unemployment and lack of affordable housing

  • urban areas often described as less desirable and polluted which United recent schemes to regenerate many nice city areas
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18
Q

Economic factors tend to have the biggest impact on character of place e.g?

A

Changes may also result from migration, conflict and natural disasters

  • e.g for economic, Tata steel cutting jobs = major job losses in places highly depended on steel industry
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19
Q

How can conflict arise when external forces attempt to change a place ?

A

E.g locals unhappy about presence of Olympic Games in Stratford

20
Q

Factors affecting character of place ?

A
  • built environment
  • political factors e.g strength of local councils
  • demographic size
  • physical geography
  • socio- ecomic factors
21
Q

Examples of endogenous factors ?

A

Height, relief, drainage, and infrastructure

22
Q

Explain the process how exogenous factors are now having more influence on place ?

A
  • places usually have one major function of a place
  • exogenous factors originating from outside a place e.g technology advancements diminish initial functions of a place such as immigration which creates more multicultural societies
23
Q

Example of continuity and change ? bournville continuity example

A

Bournville village in Birmingham

  • Cadbury’s family entered and converted estate to having recreational parks and sanitary houses for Cadbury’s employees
  • Cadbury’s employees no longer there but community feel and appearance is much the same with planning tightly controlled
24
Q

Colombia as example of change in a community ?

A

Medellin

  • log associated with drugs and violence under power of the drug lord Pablo Escobar
  • dubbed most dangerous city in the world
  • city planners now recognise inequality between poor and rich so have enabled poor to access economic activity in centre via transport systems
  • educational programmes been funded

Results

  • poverty reduces
  • crime still high but changes take time and city is positive
25
Q

Meaning and representation of place ?

A

Meaning relates to individual or collective perceptions of place

Representation of place
= how a place is represented or seen in society

Both there change over time

26
Q

Management and manipulation of perceptions of place ?

A

Perceptions of places are influenced heavily by the media, governments keen to attract trade and investment through positive place perception and organisations such as British council which help doing this

27
Q

Agents of change ?

A

National and local government through e.g rebranding

28
Q

Government strategies to manipulate perceptions of place

A

Place marketing

Rebranding

Re-imaging

29
Q

Place marketing ?

A
  • PR companies employed by government to create positive perceptions of place e.g Weston-Super-Mare (Somerset) using social media and advertising campaigns
30
Q

Rebranding ?

A
  • used to discard negative of perceptions of place with aim to make location more desirable for living, investors and visitors spend money e.g the ‘people make glasgow’ crow sources campaign to coney people are heart and soul of this place
31
Q

Re imaging ?

A
  • linked to rebranding as seeks to discard negative perception of place and generate new positive attitudes towards a place
  • well documented through example of Liverpool in 80’s and 90’s, deindustrialisation caused economic downturn in the city which dominated newspaper headline and large scale regeneration began
32
Q

How and why do corporate bodies alter perception of place ?

A
  • Have interest in place as want to manipulate perceptions of it e.g airlines and train companies using different methods such as commissioning posters by famous artists
33
Q

Qualitative and quantitive sources when describing places ?

A

Statistics

Maps

Biomapping

Interviews

Photographs

Textual sources

Poetry

Music

34
Q

Statistic in creating place perception ?

A
  • Uk census details social and economic characteristics of a the population therefore provides large scale qauntitive data which used by agencies to plan for pop growth and other demographic changes
  • quantifiable data not objective as problem choose data they want to present = subjective and publication bias
  • tells v little about human experience
35
Q

Maps as use of qualitative sources ?

A
  • used to locate places but can influence how we feel about a place and can have distorted realities e.g early cartographers exaggerating sizes of their countries
  • e.g Mercator map where northern land masses look larger on the map than in reality (Eurocentric so exaggerated its size and puts Europe in the middle)
36
Q

Biomomapping as qualitative source representing place ?

A

Use of GSR device maps down peoples emotions

37
Q

Interviews ?

A

Generate detailed insights about persons sense of place

But have researchers bias and social desirability bias

38
Q

Photographs in qualitative sources representing place

A

Can be photoshopped to easily alter perception of place

39
Q

Media representation of place ?

A

Sense of place that can be influenced by media e.g TV and internet which are reaching increasingly global audiences so V important in shaping wider perceptions of place = shrinking world effect

40
Q

How textual sources represent place ?

A

Novels can describe sense of place and authors can become associated with and can have positive role in representation of a place

41
Q

Poetry ? And music

A

Used to evoke sense of place e.g William Wordsworth in Lake District, enables reader to imagine what a place is like

Music e.g reggae associated with Jamaica

42
Q

Example of television representing place affects? Poldark Lord of the Ring

A

After Poldark first aired tourism’s increased by 65% in Cornwall

  • Lord of the Rings increased numbers in New Zealand and tourist numbers increased by 50% and contributed 15 million a year for the tourist economy
43
Q

How art has shaped character of place ?

A

L.S Lowery famous for depictions of life in Northern Mill town

  • creates a sense of place but criticised for creating impressions of place that don’t exist
  • art is considered more unreliable than photos as there is more scope for individuality
  • also painting tells more about a place through character of painter
44
Q

How graffiti alters perception of place?

A
  • Banksy argues it’s a way of getting heard
    Dismaland bought thousands of visitors and recognition of seaside resort in Weston-Super-Mare that boosted economy by £20 million
45
Q

How architecture helps rebrand a place ?

A

Some redevelopment schemes use original heritage of place and others use radical rebranding schemes

Heritage = Southgate shopping centre in Bath uses popular Georgian architecture

Radical= Bullring I’m Birmingham creates a Selfridges store with 15,000 aluminium discs that’s contributed to the regeneration of central Birmingham

46
Q

Digital or augumented place ?

A
  • rise in the use of digital technology led to discussion about motion of digital place, development of GPS in smartphones means phones have huge impacts on or dense of place e.g supermarkets employ GIS to map shopping habits and where customers live

Geography (11 decks)

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