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human geog > Changing Places > Flashcards

Changing Places Flashcards

1
Q

Place

A

Location with meaning

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2
Q

Tourist gaze

A

Organised by businesses and consumed by the public

It’s what the visitor sees or experiences of a place

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3
Q

Far places

A

These are global in scale and include both physical and virtual spaces

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4
Q

Near places

A

The local area where people live and work and places they visit regularly

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5
Q

Private places

A

Places in which we are experienced and we form attachments to

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6
Q

Public places

A

Places which are connected to natural art or history and state power

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7
Q

Experienced places

A

Places we know and have visited

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8
Q

representation

A

the cultural practices by which human societies interpret and portray the world around them and present themselves to others

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9
Q

identity

A

the ways in which ppl connect to various places, it can lead to a person having a sense of place at a personal level

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10
Q

locale

A

this is the broader context of a point in space, where there are built and social elements which interconnect

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11
Q

location

A

this is a point in space with specific links to other points in space

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12
Q

sense of place

A

the subjective and emotional attachments one has to a place

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13
Q

example of a place

A

mount snowdon, ppl climb the summit to look at the memorable welsh summit

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14
Q

example of tourist gaze

A

ground zero, the 9/11 memorial site, it’s a death site yet it’s being marketed

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15
Q

example of place to distinguish between location, locale, and sense of place

A

glastonbury

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16
Q

glastonbury’s location

A

somerset, 23 miles south of bristol

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17
Q

glastonbury’s locale

A

glastonbury abbey, king arthur

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18
Q

glastonbury’s sense of place

A

paganism, festival

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19
Q

characteristics of an insider

A 
personal relationship with place
feels safe
fluent in local language
understands unspoken rules of society
can work, vote, n claim benefits
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20
Q

characteristics of an outsider

A 
little emotion
feels out of place
confused by local slang
travelling for business or in search or work or safety
cannot work, vote, or claim benefits
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21
Q

example of outsiders

A

ethnic minorities feeling excluded from rural britian

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22
Q

in 2001 a UK national parks visitor survey showed that less than …% of visitors were black

A

1%

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23
Q

strategies to help ethnic minorities feel more included in rural biritian

A

mosaic introduced 1600 young ppl to national parks

62 community champions in wales

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24
Q

field of care

A

bond between people and place or setting

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25
Q

endogenous factors

A

caused by or originate from within

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26
Q

types of endogenous factors

A 
land use
economic characteristics
built environment
demographics
infrastructure
location
topography
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27
Q

exognous factors

A

caused by or originate externally

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28
Q

types of exogenous factors

A

cultural homogenisation

globalisation

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29
Q

example of a endogenous and exogenous factors affectng a place

A

stratford upon avon

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30
Q

stratford location

A

bridging point of river avon

8km north of the cotswolds

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31
Q

stratford topography

A

35km above sea level

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32
Q

stratford built environment

A

tudor timber clad buildings eg shakespeare’s birthplace

modern designed buildings eg rsc theatre

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33
Q

stratford economic characteristics

A

developed as a service and manufacture centre

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34
Q

stratford infrastructure

A

canal
a422 bypass
m40 to london
two railway stations

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35
Q

stratford land use

A

industrial estate

mostly tertiary services

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36
Q

stratford demographics

A

97.5% english first lang
3/4 christian
average age 44

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37
Q

stratford flows of people

A

tourism

mostly american and japanese tourists

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38
Q

stratford flows of investment

A

starbucks maccies

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39
Q

examples of socio economic factors which change settlements

A 
housing developments (bc commuters and pop growing)
local shops shut (internet)
expanding schools (pop growing)
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40
Q

forces of change

A 
individuals
community groups
national n local governments
national, inter, n global institutions
tncs
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41
Q

example of a local community group forcing change

A

new era estate residents

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42
Q

example of tncs forcing change

A

redcar steelworks at teesside

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43
Q

palimpsest

A

something that has changed overtime and shows evidence of that change

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44
Q

example of a palimpsest

A

trafalgar square in london

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45
Q

where is the new era estate

A

borough of hackney and hoxton
inner city london
0.8miles from nearest tube station (old street)

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46
Q

how many flats were there in the new era estate

A

86 flats out of 88 houses

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47
Q

what is the age group of new era estate

A

common age group 45-59

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48
Q

what was the issue at the new era estate

A

in 2013 westbrook partners bought the estate n so the residents face eviction n increased rent

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49
Q

how many ppl signed the petition to stop the investors in new era estate

A

300 000

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50
Q

what celeb raised the profile of the issue at new era estate by showing support

A

russel brand

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51
Q

why are house prices rising in london

A

desirable place for the wealthy to live n work

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52
Q

was the new era estate change successful

A

yes sold to dolphin living

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53
Q

who are dolphin living

A

a charity who introduced a means tested rent model at new era estate

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54
Q

what is the means tested rents scheme

A

richer residents pay more rent n based on diff factors eg number of children

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55
Q

drawbacks of the successes at new era estate

A

could mean that private landlords sell their properties which leads to the decrease in the number of rented properties in the uk and affects the economy

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56
Q

successes of the new era estate

A

no more social segregation and a more diverse community

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57
Q

when did the production first stop at redcar steelworks and who owned it a the time

A

tatar owned it, production stopped in 2009

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58
Q

when was redcar steelworks reopened and who bought it

A

2012 bought by thai based company SSI

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59
Q

when did redcar steelworks stop for the second time and why

A

decline in steel prices so stopped in 2015

60
Q

what role did the government play in redcar steelworks

A

government gave no funding to help the steelworks but did provide an £80 mil support package for workers

61
Q

what was the £80 mil support package designed to do for the workers of redcar steelworks

A

help the workers retrain or start their own businesses

62
Q

who was affected by the closure of redcar steelworks

A

workers
the community n local businesses
restaurants n local businesses suffering from new business competition

63
Q

when was the work started to build the national gallery started in trafalgar square

A

1832

64
Q

when was the work on nelson’s column begun in trafalgar square

A

1838

65
Q

when was the national art gallery in trafalgar square completed

A

1838

66
Q

when was nelson’s column completed

A

1859

67
Q

when were the four landseer lions added to trafalgar square

A

1867

68
Q

when was the new road constructed to the riverside from trafalgar square created and what is it called

A

1874 northumberland avenue

69
Q

when was the admiralty arch built in trafalgar square

A

1910

70
Q

when did the fourth plinth program start in trafalgar square

A

1999

71
Q

define representation of place

A

the cultural practices by which human societies interpret n portray the world around them n present themselves to others

72
Q

define identity

A

an assemblage of personal characteristics eg gender, sexuality, race, n religion

73
Q

belonging

A

a sense of being part of a collective identity

74
Q

ownership

A

that feeling of being in possession of a set of values or a particular identity

75
Q

well being

A

the positive outcome of a shared identity and sense of belonging

76
Q

where is salford quays

A

in an area of greater manchester called salford on the edge of manchester ship canal

77
Q

issues with salford quays in the past

A

moored ships
dirty water
rubbish on banks incl water bottles n industrial waste

78
Q

what river runs through salford n was v important to the salford quays area

A

the river irwell

79
Q

why was the river irwell important to the salford quays area

A

connected it to the ocean so the 36mile canal could connect to countries eg japan n australia

80
Q

what was the main issue with the river before rebranding at salford quays

A

polluted

salmon disappeared in 1850s

81
Q

why did deindustrialisation occur in manchester (globalisation) which led to the closure of factories

A

the invention of containerisation meant that the docks closed in 1982

82
Q

how has the rebranding affected the human geography of salford quays

A

number of ppl employed in docks reduced
more ppl work in tertiary
internet n telephone lines to improve communication

83
Q

how did peel holdings change salford quays

A

purchased the manchester ship canal company in 1993 n launched their ocean gateway project to create sustainable jobs in the future

84
Q

other companies involved in salford quays

A

mersey basin campaign worked with united utilities to improve water quality
media city uk project in conjunction with the bbc
salford city council n the royal yachting council made a permanent water sports centre

85
Q

features of rebranding in salford quays

A 
leisure activities
restaurants/cafes culture
street furniture
greenery
use of lighting
86
Q

how do we analyse representation

A

the source
provenance
textual analysis

87
Q

give an example of a place being represented in different forms

A

croyde beach in devon

88
Q

where is croyde

A

a small town in devon, 1.5 km from the main beach

89
Q

why was croyde beach suffering from decline

A

agricultural economy suffering due to the outbreaks of mad cow disease in 1990 n foot and mouth in 2001

90
Q

what is the % of ppl above retirement age in croyde n why

A

22.1% this is 2.2% higher than the national av bc the young pop left to find work

91
Q

how have public organisations n private investors tried to rebrand croyde

A

croyde village website
train posters
oceanfest

92
Q

how has the croyde village website rebranded the area

A

selective language like ‘spectacular scenery’

selective pics of sunny attractive croyde

93
Q

what is oceanfest

A

a festival as part of rebranding croyde into a surfers paradise
farmers also converted their homes into b&bs to get more income

94
Q

has the rebranding of croyde been successful

A

yea but need to be careful not to overdevelop the area so it loses its idyllic image

95
Q

qualitative

A

photos, interview, poems, art, lyrics

non numerical data which is often subjective

96
Q

advantages of qualitative data

A

provides depth n detail
creates openness
stimulates people’s individuals experiences
attempts to avoid pre judgement

97
Q

disadvantage of qualitative data

A 
fewer ppl studied
less easy to generalise
difficult to make comparisons
bias
time snapshot
dependent on the skills of the researcher
98
Q

quantitative

A

census data, statistics etc

numerical data

99
Q

sampling techniques

A

systematic, stratified, random

100
Q

advantages of quantitative data

A

allow for broader study
accuracy of data
using standards means that the research can b replicated
personal bias avoided

101
Q

disadvantages of quantitative data

A

numerical descriptions rather than detailed narrative
preset answers will not necessarily reflect opinions
standard questions can create a bias

102
Q

describe the location of detroit

A

North East USA- the industrial heartland
On the edge of the Great Lakes
Michigan
Close to the Canadian border

103
Q

what brought wealth to detroit in the 19th century

A

shipping n ship building bc link to atlantic ocean

104
Q

what is heavy industry

A

involves large n heavy products, equipment, facilities, or a complex of numerous processes

105
Q

when did detroit emerge as a centre of heavy industry

A

1890s

106
Q

name some reasons why detroit’s pop changed

A

ww1 brought immigration
ww2 also immigration
the great migration
white flight

107
Q

what quantitative data did i use in my detroit study

A

graphs, census data, maps

108
Q

what qualitative data did i use in my detroit study

A

detroit song by the red hot chilli peppers

109
Q

how have tncs impacted detroit

A

small fuel efficient foreign cars eg toyota

110
Q

how have global institutions affected detroit

A

OPEC (organisations for petroleum exporting countries)

ford and gm selling n making cars in brazil, russia, and china

111
Q

how have national government impacted detroit

A

law for fuel efficiency standards

112
Q

economic impacts of deindustrialisation in detroit

A

industrial businesses
local shops n services
less investment bc less skilled workforce

113
Q

social impact of deindustrialisation in detroit

A

unemployed
migrate to suburbs like chicago
pop decrease
lower aspiration

114
Q

…% of detroit’s economy today is tertiary n ..% is secondary (manufacturing)

A

80% tertiary n 20% secondary

115
Q

how many car manufacturers are in the top employers list in detroit today

A

2 (chrysler and gm)

116
Q

local force of change in detroit

A

detroit soup

117
Q

how does the detroit soup scheme work

A

ppl do and have soup bread and vote for presentations in improving social issues

118
Q

what sort of presentations are shown in detroit soup

A

art, urban agriculture, social justice, social entrepreneurs, education, technology

119
Q

example of an economic project established by detroit soup

A

rebel nell - turns graffitti from the streets into jewellery

empowers women too

120
Q

example of a social project established by detroit soup

A

the kids’ summer adventure

tackles child obesity

121
Q

example of an environmental project established by detroit soup

A

food field

an urban farm growing fresh food for the city

122
Q

define segregation

A

where people live separately through choice or by law

123
Q

enclaves

A

the areas in which segregated ppl choose to live

124
Q

what is motown

A

a genre of music which helped tackle segregation as both races enjoyed it

125
Q

when was the detroit riot

A

1967

126
Q

where’s the 8 mile road

A

a road which separated where white and black people lived in detroit

127
Q

what is alter road

A

a road in detroit which was blocked by white ppl to stop black ppl coming into their neighbourhood

128
Q

what is geospacial data

A

data you can locate on a map

used for campden’s land use i.e. where are the cafes

129
Q

location of campden

A

county of gloucestershire

26 miles from cheltenham

130
Q

locale of campden

A

cotswolds, area of outstanding natural beauty

limestone buildings

131
Q

sense of place in campden

A

market towns

buildings dating back to the 17th century

132
Q

some endogenous features of campden

A

489ft above sea level
many hills surrounding it eg fish hill
buildings from 17th century

133
Q

exogenous factors in campden

A

shops and a weekly market
lots of tourists
festivals eg over’s games

134
Q

placelessness

A

loss of uniqueness of a place in the cultural landscape

135
Q

locale in detroit

A

The Steel Belt Boom- Ship building and railroad cars
Used to be a car manufacturing city
Lack of community spirit

136
Q

sense of place in detroit

A

Run down city
Clear population divide
Many derelict buildings

137
Q

why was detroit ideal for factories during the steel belt boom

A

easy access to coal and large availability of iron ore

138
Q

how many migrants came to detroit in the great migration

A

200 000 mainly black americans came from the deep south

139
Q

when did car manufacturing begin to decline in detroit

A

1930s

140
Q

why was OPEC a force of change leading to the car industry decline in detroit

A

1974 Arab embargo- oil prices quadrupled

Consumers turned to fuel efficient cars like Toyotas to reduce petrol costs- Ford saw reduced demand

141
Q

what does detroit soup do

A

Promote community based development through crowdfunding
Community pays $5, has soup and listens to 4 speakers talk about their idea to help the community, then they vote
One with the most votes receives the money raised to fund their project

142
Q

detroit soup: economic project example

A

Rebel Nell
Employs disadvantaged women, teaches them how to make jewellery
Educates them on finance and business management so they can continue in the future

143
Q

successes of rebel nell

A

Improves QofL for disadvantage women
Can use their new skills to earn a living in the future
Continually helps new women

144
Q

limitations of rebel nell

A

Doesn’t help men
Only small scale- can’t help everyone
Local market will become flooded with jewellery- only so much demand

145
Q

what is the number of people living in chipping campden aged 65+ in 2011? How does this compare to 1851?

A

33%
Lower in 1851 as little healthcare meant low life expectancy, plus people come to Campden to retire now
(Double the national average)

146
Q

what is the number of people living in chipping campden aged 16-64 in 2011? How does this compare to 1851?

A

54%
Higher in 1851 as more needed to work the land
(Mean age is 44, national average 39)

147
Q

why did chipping campden’s population rise between 1921 and 2011

A

Improved transport to London and Oxford = commuters

More jobs in the town - CCS and shops

human geog (3 decks)

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