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Geography - Human > Changing Places > Flashcards

Changing Places Flashcards

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1
Q

Define location

A

The physical space where a place is situated.

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2
Q

Define locale

A

Culture and social dynamics of a place.

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3
Q

Define sense of place

A

The subjective and emotional attachment to a place based on lived experience.

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4
Q

What are the theoretical approaches to place?

A

Descriptive
Social Constructionist
Phenomenological

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5
Q

What is a descriptive approach to place?

A

A place that has elements to make it identifiable. The physical features such as where it is etc.

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6
Q

What is a social constructionist approach to place?

A

How a place has changed over time and how it will continue to change (temporal scale).

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7
Q

What is a phenomenological approach to place?

A

How an individual experiences a place, this can vary from person to person.

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8
Q

Define a near place

A

A place that is geographically near to a person, or one where there could be affinity.

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9
Q

Define a far place

A

A place that is geographically far from someone, or there is lack of emotional connection.

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10
Q

Define media places

A

Places that have been encouraged or discouraged by media for people to visit. Villages often considered picturesque, cities more run down and deprived.

The place has never been visited by that person.

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11
Q

Define experienced place

A

Places that people have been to and know the social norms. Generally a more accurate view of a place. Experience does mean it is positive.

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12
Q

Define endogenous factors

A

Factors that originate internally within a place.

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13
Q

Give examples of endogenous factors.

A

Demographics
Physical geography
Socio-economic
Built environment
Political factors
Cultural factors

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14
Q

Define exogenous factors

A

Factors that originate externally or from other places or the flows of people, resources etc.

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15
Q

Give examples of exogenous factors

A

Flows of money
Flows of people
Flows of resources
Flows of ideas
Flows of investment
Deindustrialisation
Trade links
Distance from the capital city
Government policies.

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16
Q

Define clone town

A

A place where the high street is typically dominated by large chain shops that make the place unidentifiable from others, promotes placelessness.

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17
Q

Define homogenised

A

The process by which a place is very similar, socially, economically etc.

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18
Q

Define placelessness

A

A person who doesn’t have a sense of place. Lack of emotional attachment, no affinity.

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19
Q

Define infrastructure

A

Essential services to enable living conditions within a place. These include roads, airports, communications, healthcare etc.

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20
Q

Define function

A

The reason for a place to exist.

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21
Q

Who devised the terms topophobia and tophophilia?

A

Yi Fu Tuan

22
Q

Define topophobia

A

The fear of a place

23
Q

Define topophilia

A

The love of a place.

24
Q

What is the Shrinking World Theory?

A

The idea that the world is becoming more interconnected through globalisation, meaning that communications and trade are happening faster than before.

25
Q

Give some evidence for the Shrinking World Theory

A

The internet
Social media
Low-cost airlines
Transnational corporations (TNCs)

26
Q

Who devised the terms First Space, Second Space, and Third Space and when did they?

A

Soja, 1989

27
Q

Define first space

A

Physical material space that has limits (mountains, buildings).

28
Q

Define second space

A

Representational space, how space is perceived and argued over.

29
Q

Define third space

A

Lived space, combines first and second space, which is simultaneously real and imagined.

30
Q

Define an insider

A

Someone who knows a place very well and shares cultural norms with other people.

31
Q

Give some characteristics of an insider

A

Born near to the place
Has a VISA or citizenship for the country
Knows the language well
Knows social norms and unspoken rules
Feels safe, secure, and happy

32
Q

Define an outsider

A

Someone who does not know a place particularly well and may feel isolated from the community.

33
Q

Give some characteristics of an outsider

A

Not born close to the place
Does not have a citizenship or VISA
Doesn’t know the language well
Social norms not understood
Feels homesick / ‘out of place’

34
Q

Define localism

A

Affection of a particular place, living in a small area for a long time, volunteering etc

35
Q

Define regionalism

A

Loyalty to a nation with population that shares interests.

Cornwall - Own language, identity and heritage. People want protection of that culture.

36
Q

Define nationalism

A

Loyalty to a nation with national consciousness. Usually strengthened by common language, anthem, culture, and flags.

37
Q

Define an agent of change

A

People who impact on a place through living, working, or trying to improve the place.

38
Q

Give examples of agents of change

A

Residents
Community groups
Corporate entities
Local governments
Media

39
Q

Give examples of EXTERNAL agents of change

A

Government policies
Multinational corporations
Global institutions.

40
Q

Give examples of where government policies have impacted on a place

A

Financial incentives for industry (tax breaks)
Multiplier effect stimulated to increase wealth
Encouragement of clone towns as chain stores enter a place

41
Q

What is the knock on effect of MNCs on places?

A

Deindustrialisation of places if the workplace moves (Cadbury moving to Poland in 2010)

42
Q

How do global institutions change places?

A

World Bank running 15 development projects in Haiti. Allows Haiti to develop self sufficiently and stop relying on the World Bank. Can lead to loss of cultural norms.

43
Q

What are some ways that can places can change?

A

Working population moving out
TNCs closing or moving locations
Media trying to promote or demote a place
Multiplier effect

44
Q

Why are not all changes to a place welcome?

A

Communities displaced because of the places changing
Gentrification ‘not in my backyard’
‘Made by the rich, for the rich’

45
Q

What is the cycle of urbanisation?

A

Urbanisation -> sub-urbanisation -> counter-urbanisation -> reurbanisation -> Megacities and then repeats.

46
Q

What is the main factor for a place to urbanise and prosper?

A

Provision of goods and services. Wealthier cities typically supply goods at a global scale.

47
Q

What factors can complicate the cycle of urbanisation?

A

Social factors
Building dereliction
The cycles for the developing world are likely to be very different.

48
Q

Give examples of social welfare

A

Environmental quality
Crime and drugs
Built environment
Percentage education
Social services
Cultural and religious aspects

49
Q

What are the seven indicators of deprivation?

A

Income
Employment
Education
Health
Crime
Barriers to housing
Built environment

50
Q

What are deciles?

A

A way of measuring social inequality - calculated using data from 32844 wards in the UK into ten groups.

Decile 1 is the highest 10% deprived and Decile 10 is the lowest 10%.

Geography - Human (22 decks)

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