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A level human geography > changing places > Flashcards

changing places Flashcards

1
Q

what is a place

A

it is the location, physical characteristics, human characteristics, flows and feelings attached to it

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2
Q

Why are places always changing

A

Despite location the place is always changing for example physical characteristics can change over a long period of time and the human characteristics can change over a whole lifetime such as migrants

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3
Q

Define locale

A

place where something happens or is set or has an event associated with it

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4
Q

define location

A

where a place is for example co-ordinates

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5
Q

define sense of place

A

refers to subjective emotional attachment people have to a sense of place

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6
Q

What is an experienced place

A

Places that people have spent time in

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7
Q

what is a media place

A

places that haven’t been visited but its sense of place is shaped through its deception in the media

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8
Q

how can peoples lived experience be explored

A

by looking into the impact of place on
identity
belonging
well-being

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9
Q

define insider

A

someone who is familiar with a place and feels welcome in it

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10
Q

Define outsider

A

someone who feels unwelcome or excluded from a place

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11
Q

define experienced place

A

places people have spent time in

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12
Q

define near place

A

geographically near to where a person lives

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13
Q

What reasons besides experience might people feel excluded

A

age
gender
sexuality

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14
Q

how has globalisation affected peoples experience of geographical distance

A

improvements in travel technology mean places can be experienced more quickly and frequently

ICT improvements meant people can be very familiar with media places

people can also remain closely connected with people and activities via the internet

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15
Q

Define placelessness

A

describes how globalisation is making distant places look and feel the same - clone town

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16
Q

define endogenous

A

internal factors which shape a places’ character
e.g.
location, topography, physical geography, infrastructure

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17
Q

define exogenous

A

external factors which shape a places’ character
e.g.
flows of people, money, resources in and out of the place

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18
Q

what kind of factor is location and how does it influence the character of a place

A

physical and endogenous

places can be characterised by the features that are present because of their location e.g. a coastal area may be characterised as a port

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19
Q

what kind of factor is topography and how does it influence the character of a place

A

physical and endogenous

topography affects land use e.g. flat areas can be used agriculturally
an area can also be directly characterised by its topography e.g. a flat area and a hilly area

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20
Q

what kind of factor is physical geography and how doe it affect the character of a place

A

physical and endogenous

refers to environmental features such as altitude and rock type
e.g. different rock types will form different landscapes
and physical geography can have economic impacts if it is rich in natural resources

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21
Q

What kind of factor is land use and how does it affect the character of a place

A

human and endogenous

refers to the human activities that occur on the land and the can characterise an area
for example rural areas have more agricultural land whereas a dense built up environment is characteristic of city centres and businesses

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22
Q

What kind of factor is demography and economy characteristics and how does it influence the character of a place

A

human and endogenous

demography describes who lives in a place and what they’re like and these factors can directly contribute to the character of a place e.g. seaside places may be characterised as old

economic factors can directly contribute to the character of a place e.g. places such as Kensington in London have a high income and low unemployment indicating wealth

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23
Q

what kind of factor is relative location to other places and how can it influence the character of places

A

exogenous

towns and villages outside of major cities may be considered commuter settlements and that people live there for the safety and good job opportunities

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24
Q

what kind of factor is tourism and how can it influence the character of a place

A

exogenous

land use and economic characteristics can be affected by tourism
e.g. Las Vegas has many casinos and hotels for tourists and they can also create work opportunities for locals

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25
What kind of factor is investment and how can it influence the character of a place
exogenous flows of investment can affect land use and the type of employment available e.g. Nissan has a factory in Sunderland and the flow of investment from Japan has shaped the land use and employment
26
What kind of factor is migration and how does it influence the character of a place
exogenous some places are more ethnically diverse due to migration from other parts of the world giving them a unique demographic e.g. 27% of Birmingham are of Asian descent
27
how have flows of people caused a demographic change
it can change any of the demographic of the place on a local scale there has been a large movement of young people from rural to urban areas on a global scale migration from North-Africa to Europe created a gender inbalance
28
how have flows of capital caused a demographic change
e.g. governments can invest in specific places in order to attract people to live there 1981 London Docklands Development Corporation resulted in an increase in population and between 1981 and 21st century the population doubled
29
How have flows of ideas caused a demographic change
ideas such as the use of contraception can flow to new places and affect the demographic by reducing the birth rate and affecting population size
30
How do the flows of people affect cultural characteristics of a place
can lead to more cultural diversity and greater mix of languages spoken and foods eaten
31
How do flows of capital affect the cultural characteristics of a place
new cultural ideas introduced to places can change characteristics of a place such as fast food companies have reproduced rapidly spreading western-style food
32
How do flows of people affect economic characteristics of a place
people visiting can change the economic characteristics of a place e.g. st Ives was a fishing settlement but is currently a popular tourist destination altering the types of job available in that area
33
How can flows of resources affect economic characteristics
products consumed and sold locally or regionally can be sold to global markets which can bring employment and money to a wide range of places e.g. the scottish whiskey industry
34
how can flows of capital affect economic characteristics
reduced investment and competition from markets can lead to a decline of some primary industries and damage the economy e.g. Deindustrialisation and closure of coal mines inward flows of investment can have positive effects such as increasing amount of high value sector jobs and improving healthcare and education
35
How can the flows of people affect social inequality
regional migration has changed social characteristics and levels of social inequality e.g. in India large scale rural to urban migration has resulted in slums migrants can also have a ow quality of life contrasting to the wealthier lives of locals resulting in a gap
36
how can flows of resources affect social inequality
outward flow of natural resources from poorer countries can change levels of social inequality e.g. most of wealth generated from oil exports in Nigeria is generated to a few individuals while large numbers of people remain in poverty
37
How can flows of capital affect social inequality
the process of gentrification has improved the social characteristics of some places but it can also increase inequality as it can cause house prices to go up driving the locals out of the area
38
name 3 examples of external forces driving change in many places
government polices decisions of multi-national corporations impacts of global and international institutions
39
how are government forces a driving external force in changing places (3)
Governments can change the demographic of a place by introducing policies to control population such as the one-child policy in China to decrease the population and in France better maternity leave and lower taxes to increase it control of immigration for example in the 1960s the German government invited Turkish people to live and work in Germany and now aspects of Turkish culture have become a part of German culture regeneration schemes such as Bristol harbourside
40
How are decisions of MNCs an external driving force in changing places
invest of MNCs can create a massive economic boost and increase numbers of jobs and wages which can attract large numbers of migrants closure of MNCs or their relocation can lead to massive population decline, unemployment and social deprivation e.g. population of Detroit decreased by 700000 in the 2010 census
41
How are global institutions a driving external force for changing places
the world food programme provides food assistance as emergency aid where it is needed and this can be a demographic change as they reduce the amount of deaths from famine and starvation the world bank invests in and helps set up thousands of projects aimed at reducing poverty
42
how can past connections help shape places
connection to other major cities by sea trade routes enabled London and New York to become more wealthy and attracted more people and increase cultural diversity and they gradually became world cities
43
what are the theoretical approaches to place
descriptive phenomenological social constructionist approach
44
what is a descriptive approach to place
the idea that the world is a set of places and each place can be studied and is distinct
45
what is a social constructionist approach to place
sees place as a product of a particular set of social processes occurring at a particular time
46
what is a phenomenological approach to place
how an individual approaches place the affective bond between people and place - topophilia
47
how can identity be evident at a local scale
when people are reluctant to have their local area undergo development
48
how can identity be evident at a regional scale
loyalty to a distinct region with a population that shares similarities
49
describe how identity can be evident at a national scale
patriotism
50
how can religion be used to foster a sense of identity in a place
larger sacred places such as bethlehem
51
how can global sense of place be understood
by linking that place to places beyond - earthquake in Turkey left many turkish immigrants upset and many turkish owned businesses raised money
52
give an example of resistance of power of globalisation
anti-costa campaign in Totnes Devon in 2012
53
what has been a response to globalisation
greater focus on local place and the promotion of local goods and services - bristol pound - localisation of place
54
define diaspora
group of people with a similar heritage or homeland who have settled elsewhere in the world
55
why is developing a sense of place important
knowledge and appreciation of its resources supports development of identity can nurture empathy
56
define rebranding and give an example
discarding negative perceptions of a place - people make glasgow
57
define re-imaging and give an example
discarding negative perceptions of place and generate a new positive set of ideas - Stratford olympic development
58
why may statistics not be good at representing place
tells very little about the human experience of a place and what it is like to live there
59
what may be a drawback of maps
reliability and accuracy of maps for example early world maps depicted the world as a flat disk with holy land and Jerusalem at the centre
60
what are the advantages of using interviews
first hand reports of experiences, opinions and feelings
61
what are the disadvantages of interviews
interviewer may affect the responses of the interviewee people may not be honest in order to present themselves in a favourable way
62
what may be a drawback of photographs
they can be edited and are selective in what they show
63
how may textual sources represent a place
may evoke a sense of place and the reader knows what it is like to be there - william blake and poverty in london
64
Give an example of how film has affected place
Game of thrones became synonymous with Northern Ireland 350,000 come annually due to GOT and spend an average £50 million
65
How can GIS be used to present place
could be used in place studies to illustrate changing demographic and cultural characteristics and economic change and social inequalities

A level human geography (3 decks)

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