CHANGING ECONOMIC WORLD- United Kingdom

Question 1

causes of economic change:

Answer 1

• deindustrialisation
• decline of traditional industrial base
• globalisation
• government policies

Question 2

what is globalisation?

Answer 2

the process which has created a more connected world, with increases in the movements of goods (trade) and people (migration and tourism) worldwide

Question 3

what is deindustrialisation?

Answer 3

the decline of a country’s traditional manufacturing industry due to exhaustion of raw materials, loss of markets and competition from NEEs

Question 4

what is a government policy?

Answer 4

a plan or course of action decided by a government to manage issues in a country

Question 5

causes of deindustrialisation:

Answer 5

• Increasing cost of production
• globalisation- competition from low wages
• declining investment
• changing government policies
• cycle of decline
• increased competitiveness of tertiary industries thanks to education and technology

Question 6

which parts of the UK have been most affected by deindustrialisation?

Answer 6

Cornwall

Question 7

what is a post industrial economy?

Answer 7

the economy of many economically developed countries where most employment is now in service industries

Question 8

5 industries in a post industrial economy (ISSFR):

Answer 8

• information technology
• service industries
• finance
• research
• science + business parks

Question 9

what does the M4 connect?

Answer 9

London to Bristol

Question 10

what companies are on the M4 corridor?

Answer 10

• Microsoft, Sony, Vodafone
• located in out of town business parks

Question 11

how much of the UK’s economic output does the M4 corridor produce?

Answer 11

8%

Question 12

example of post industrial UK economy:

Answer 12

Cambridge Science Park
80 km North of London
East England

Question 13

how many bio- technology companies in CSP?

Answer 13

1,500

Question 14

how many employees in CSP?

Answer 14

7,250

Question 15

how far is the CSP from Stanstead airport?

Answer 15

40km

Question 16

advantages to CSP?

Answer 16

• excellent health facilities for locals- Adenbrooke Hospital
• Investment into the local public transport sector
• Cambridge has a reputation as world leader in medical research- brings investment

Question 17

disadvantages to CSP:

Answer 17

• house prices rising due to demand in the area
• Cambridge is increasingly congested with traffic and pedestrians
• rail and road links can’t cope with the demand fast enough

Question 18

why have companies clustered together at the CSP?

Answer 18

• they have ampler highly skilled workers
• “campus style” offices
• share expensive equipment

Question 19

what companies are at the CSP?

Answer 19

Abcam (antibodies Cambridge), working on research into cancer, metabolism and providing antibodies.
Sells 100,000 antibody products to over 140 countries

Question 20

four environmental impacts of Limestone Quarrying in Torr Quarry Somerset:

Answer 20

1. habitats destroyed
2. release harmful gases (CO2)
3. decline in water quality as chemicals washed into rivers
4. pollution due to dust

Question 21

negatives of quarrying at Torr Quarry:

Answer 21

• low paid jobs
• decreased production (8 to 5 million tonnes of limestone)
• transporting things to and from the site- CO2 emissions
• lots of noise + vibrations

Question 22

positives of quarrying at Torr Quarry:

Answer 22

• £15 million to the local economy each year
• quarry is being restored to create wildlife lakes for recreation and water supply
• 100 jobs for local people

Question 23

what road improvements has the government put in place?

Answer 23

• A303 by stone henge, building a 2 mile tunnel to prevent rubberneck at stone henge, also a dual carriageway
• 1300 new lane miles
• smart motorways

Question 24

what railway improvements has the government put in place?

Answer 24

• electrification of Midland mainline between London and Sheffield by 2023
• High speed 2 (HS2) connecting London- Manchester, worth £50 billion, cuts travel time + increases rail capacity- better economy

Question 25

what sea port improvements has the government put in place?

Answer 25

• London Gateway on the Thames
• capable of handling the longest containership in the world
• increases trade + provides jobs
• Dover is the UK’s main freight port

Question 26

what air travel improvements has the government put in place?

Answer 26

• airports employ over 300,000 people
• 2 million tonnes of weight pass through UK airports each year
• more than 750,000 international flights depart from the UK annually
• 3rd runway at Heathrow
• may run into issues with engineering and costs

Question 27

strategies to reduce the North- South divide:

Answer 27

• planned transport improvements (HS2)
• incentive scheme (24 incentive zones since 2011)
• voluntary partnerships between local authorities and a business
  (Lancashire + aerospace- provide 50,000 highly skilled jobs)

Question 28

where does the UK mostly trade with?

Answer 28

• Europe
• exports for everywhere totalled £859 billion
• imports totalled £896 billion

Question 29

what cultural festival is the UK known for?

Answer 29

Divali and Eid due to strong links with India

Question 30

how is the UK linked to the rest of the world in electrical communication?

Answer 30

in 2014 90% of people used the internet
compared to 27% in 2000