Changing Economic World : The UK

Question 1

UK economic futures : Traditional manufacturing industries

Answer 1

Ship building
Textiles
Steel

Question 2

UK economic futures : Financial sector

Answer 2

Tertiary sector
City of London
10% of UK GDP
employs 2 million
supported by IT

Question 3

UK economic futures : R&D sector

Answer 3

Part of quaternary sector
Employs highly skilled people
worth £3 billion
Example ARM
-CPU (mobile computing) designers
-headquartered in Cambridge
-built in CHINA

Question 4

UK economic futures : British Antarctic survey

Answer 4

Links to Cambridge
Employs 500 highly skilled workers
Involved with cutting edge technology to understand the earths systems => climate change, ocean ecosystems + fisheries and their impacts

Question 5

UK economic futures : Science parks

Answer 5

They are a group of scientific and knowledge-based businesses located on single site
-located on edge of university cities
-bring world of business and education together
-high tech research attracts investment into the UK economy
-75,000 work in science parks
-include services for financial and marketing aid

Question 6

UK economic futures : University of Southampton science park

Answer 6

-Links to the university of Southampton
-contains 100 small science and innovation businesses
Businesses include
Symetrica :
Specialising in gamma-ray spectrometers with close links to the universities department of astrophysics
Benefits
-Excellent uni links
-Attractive location
-Excellent transport links
-Services such as meeting rooms, nurseries, fast broadband and health care

Question 7

UK economic futures : Business parks

Answer 7

-Often located on rural-urban fringe
=> modern industrial estate as land is more available and cheap
-light manufacturing
-services
-lots of shops (department stores)
-Space is plentiful but transport links are good

Question 8

UK economic futures : Cobalt Business parks

Answer 8

-Largest in UK
-Retail + recreation (fitness & greenspaces)
-20 minutes to international airport
-close to A1
-Coast and countryside => work life balance
-1.1 million in catchment area
=> talented workforce options
-low staff turnover (people like working there)
-Community events
-works with quorum business park

Question 9

UK economic futures : quarrying basic info

Answer 9

A quarry is an open mine
they
-create jobs and mine material
-generate dust particulates which cause long term lung damage
-harms tourism (permanent scar on the land)
-causes huge traffic due to transport of heavy materials
-produces masses of co2

Question 10

UK impacts on physical environment : Landfill

Answer 10

-uses space
-lowers EQI
-pollutes water basin

Question 11

UK impacts on physical environment : industry fumes

Answer 11

-climate change
-chemicals released into air
-noise pollution

Question 12

UK impacts on physical environment : Sewage

Answer 12

-Water pollution
-damages marine habitats
-drinking water issues (must be cleaned)

Question 13

UK improving industrial sustainability : Heavy industry

Answer 13

-carbon capture
-desulphurisation of coal (prevents sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxides)
-Stricter environmental targets for water quality
-Heavier fines for pollution incidents

Question 14

REVIST TO SEE IF NECESSARY
UK improving industrial sustainability : Tor Quarry background info

Answer 14

In somerset
started 1940s, last till 2040
-100 employed
-£15 million to local economy
-2.5km2 site
-limestone quarry

Question 15

UK improving industrial sustainability : Tor Quarry Actions being taken

Answer 15

-60 acres of site have been landscaped to blend in with surroundings
-Limestone is transported by rail
-decision made to deepen rather than widen the quarry

Question 16

UK changing rural landscapes : Losing rural locations

Answer 16

Outer Hebrides
-poor transport links
{} loop
-low population
=> smaller workforce
=> less opertuinities/services
=> less money in the economy
=> less taxation & lower wages
=> poor infrastructure
=> people move to bigger cities
{} loop as vicious cycle

Question 17

UK changing rural landscapes : Winning locations problems (example)

Answer 17

Mid sized towns, South Cambridgeshire
-growing pop => strain on infrastructure
-CO2 emissions => pollution
-More construction & devolpment
-Transport congestion
-Gentrification
=>Demand for job raises
=> higher cost of living

Question 18

UK changing rural landscapes : Contrast growing rural areas with declining rural areas

Answer 18

Young moving in for high paying jobs Vs Young moving out due to no jobs (leaving elderly)
-small businesses expanding VS Increase of dependency ratio => closure of businesses.
-Gentrification of area VS not that

Question 19

UK North-South divide : Why

Answer 19

-Deindustrialisation hit the north harder than more service focused south
-IT and finance is focused in the south, more suited for post industrial economy

Question 20

UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : Transport improvements HS2

Answer 20

HS2
-£72 billion
-London to Manchester
-40 minute travel time reduction
-satiates growing demand for rail travel
however
-massive relocation
-Only helps city people

Question 21

UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : Transport improvements Liverpool 2

Answer 21

Liverpool 2
New container port
£300 million
Doubles port’s capacity -1.5 million containers a year
-thousands of jobs, boost northern economy
-reduce road traffic

Question 22

UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : Foreign investment example

Answer 22

1984, Nissan relocating to factories to Tyne & wear

Question 23

UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : Northern powerhouse

Answer 23

government spending/investment focused in the north
Relocation of government companies (BBC)

Question 24

UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : Devolution & LEP

Answer 24

Mayors have more power in the north
-therefore Local enterprise partnerships easier
LEPs are where local government and business work together to improve working conditions and profits

Question 25

UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : LEP example

Answer 25

Aire valley, leads
-Largest manufacturing sector outside of London
-160,000 jobs
-Motorway access to leads city centre