Changing Economic World : The UK Flashcards
UK economic futures : Traditional manufacturing industries
Ship building
Textiles
Steel
UK economic futures : Financial sector
Tertiary sector
City of London
10% of UK GDP
employs 2 million
supported by IT
UK economic futures : R&D sector
Part of quaternary sector
Employs highly skilled people
worth £3 billion
Example ARM
-CPU (mobile computing) designers
-headquartered in Cambridge
-built in CHINA
UK economic futures : British Antarctic survey
Links to Cambridge
Employs 500 highly skilled workers
Involved with cutting edge technology to understand the earths systems => climate change, ocean ecosystems + fisheries and their impacts
UK economic futures : Science parks
They are a group of scientific and knowledge-based businesses located on single site
-located on edge of university cities
-bring world of business and education together
-high tech research attracts investment into the UK economy
-75,000 work in science parks
-include services for financial and marketing aid
UK economic futures : University of Southampton science park
-Links to the university of Southampton
-contains 100 small science and innovation businesses
Businesses include
Symetrica :
Specialising in gamma-ray spectrometers with close links to the universities department of astrophysics
Benefits
-Excellent uni links
-Attractive location
-Excellent transport links
-Services such as meeting rooms, nurseries, fast broadband and health care
UK economic futures : Business parks
-Often located on rural-urban fringe
=> modern industrial estate as land is more available and cheap
-light manufacturing
-services
-lots of shops (department stores)
-Space is plentiful but transport links are good
UK economic futures : Cobalt Business parks
-Largest in UK
-Retail + recreation (fitness & greenspaces)
-20 minutes to international airport
-close to A1
-Coast and countryside => work life balance
-1.1 million in catchment area
=> talented workforce options
-low staff turnover (people like working there)
-Community events
-works with quorum business park
UK economic futures : quarrying basic info
A quarry is an open mine
they
-create jobs and mine material
-generate dust particulates which cause long term lung damage
-harms tourism (permanent scar on the land)
-causes huge traffic due to transport of heavy materials
-produces masses of co2
UK impacts on physical environment : Landfill
-uses space
-lowers EQI
-pollutes water basin
UK impacts on physical environment : industry fumes
-climate change
-chemicals released into air
-noise pollution
UK impacts on physical environment : Sewage
-Water pollution
-damages marine habitats
-drinking water issues (must be cleaned)
UK improving industrial sustainability : Heavy industry
-carbon capture
-desulphurisation of coal (prevents sulphur dioxide and nitrous oxides)
-Stricter environmental targets for water quality
-Heavier fines for pollution incidents
REVIST TO SEE IF NECESSARY
UK improving industrial sustainability : Tor Quarry background info
In somerset
started 1940s, last till 2040
-100 employed
-£15 million to local economy
-2.5km2 site
-limestone quarry
UK improving industrial sustainability : Tor Quarry Actions being taken
-60 acres of site have been landscaped to blend in with surroundings
-Limestone is transported by rail
-decision made to deepen rather than widen the quarry
UK changing rural landscapes : Losing rural locations
Outer Hebrides
-poor transport links
{} loop
-low population
=> smaller workforce
=> less opertuinities/services
=> less money in the economy
=> less taxation & lower wages
=> poor infrastructure
=> people move to bigger cities
{} loop as vicious cycle
UK changing rural landscapes : Winning locations problems (example)
Mid sized towns, South Cambridgeshire
-growing pop => strain on infrastructure
-CO2 emissions => pollution
-More construction & devolpment
-Transport congestion
-Gentrification
=>Demand for job raises
=> higher cost of living
UK changing rural landscapes : Contrast growing rural areas with declining rural areas
Young moving in for high paying jobs Vs Young moving out due to no jobs (leaving elderly)
-small businesses expanding VS Increase of dependency ratio => closure of businesses.
-Gentrification of area VS not that
UK North-South divide : Why
-Deindustrialisation hit the north harder than more service focused south
-IT and finance is focused in the south, more suited for post industrial economy
UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : Transport improvements HS2
HS2
-£72 billion
-London to Manchester
-40 minute travel time reduction
-satiates growing demand for rail travel
however
-massive relocation
-Only helps city people
UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : Transport improvements Liverpool 2
Liverpool 2
New container port
£300 million
Doubles port’s capacity -1.5 million containers a year
-thousands of jobs, boost northern economy
-reduce road traffic
UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : Foreign investment example
1984, Nissan relocating to factories to Tyne & wear
UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : Northern powerhouse
government spending/investment focused in the north
Relocation of government companies (BBC)
UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : Devolution & LEP
Mayors have more power in the north
-therefore Local enterprise partnerships easier
LEPs are where local government and business work together to improve working conditions and profits
UK North-South divide (strategies to reduce) : LEP example
Aire valley, leads
-Largest manufacturing sector outside of London
-160,000 jobs
-Motorway access to leads city centre
