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Geography > Changing Economic World - Nigeria > Flashcards

Changing Economic World - Nigeria Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is Nigeria located?

A
  • Africa, West Africa
  • North of the Equator
  • Bordered by Niger, Cameroon, Chad and
    Benin
  • South coast is coastal
  • Capital: Abuja (centre of Nigeria)
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2
Q

When did Nigeria gain independence and from who?

A

Nigeria gained independence from the UK in 1960

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3
Q

How much aid does Nigeria receive from the UK every year?

A

£300 million

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4
Q

What are some of Nigeria’s political links?

A
  • African Union - economic planning + peacekeeping (Niger, Chad, Benin, Cameroon)
  • ECOWAS - Economic Community of West African States. Trading group, HQ Abuja
  • CEN-SAD - Community of Sahel-Saharan states. trading + sporting links
  • OPEC - Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Regulate price + supply of oil
  • UN - 2013 = Nigeria contributed 5th largest troops to UN peacekeeping force. 2014-15 = temporary member of UN Security Council
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5
Q

what are Nigeria’s top imports?

A
  • phones
  • rice
  • wheat
  • petroleum
  • cars
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6
Q

what are Nigeria’s top exports?

A
  • crude and refined petroleum
  • rubber
  • cocoa
  • cotton
  • natural gas
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7
Q

what is Nigeria’s largest market?

A

EU - 36% of total trade

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8
Q

what was Nigeria like politically after gaining independence?

A
  • power struggles from 1967-1970 led to dictatorships and a civil war
  • led to corruption and held back development
  • stable government only from 1999 - free and fair elections in 2011 and 2015
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9
Q

how does the Ebola outbreak of 2014 link with politics?

A
  • the handling was a sign of political stability
  • only 8 people died because of good healthcare and planning
  • later other countries copied this strategy
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10
Q

what investment in Nigeria is there?

A
  • China is investing heavily to develop Abuja
  • business + banking investment
  • GE is investing in new power plants
  • American companies operating in Nigeria eg. Walmart, IBM, Microsoft
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11
Q

what is Nigerian society like?

A
  • multiethnic - Yoruba (21%), Hausa and the Fulani (29%), Igbo (18%) + other small groups
  • multifaith - Christian south, Islamic North, traditional African religions
    -can be a strength and a conflict
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12
Q

what caused the Nigerian civil war (1967-1970)?

A

the Igbo-dominated south-east tried to become the independent Republic of Biafra

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13
Q

Recent social developments?

A
  • Rapid urbanisation
  • Rural-urban migration has broken down some traditional boundaries (though traditional identities still exist)
  • economic instability between the north and south led to religious tensions eg. Boko Haram
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14
Q

what is Boko Haram?

A

it is a militant Islamic fundamentalist group based in Nigeria founded in 2002

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15
Q

what is Nigeria’s cultural context?

A
  • diverse population = varied culture
  • Nigerian national football team - won African Cup of Nations 3 times (last 2013)
  • Nigerian football players have played for the premier league - eg Viktor Moses, John Obi Mikel
  • famous Nigerian writers - eg Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Wole Soyinka
  • Famous Nigerian music - Fela Kuti, Burna Boy
  • Nollywood - second largest film industry in the world behind India
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16
Q

What natural environment are there in Nigeria?

A
  • Sahara and Sahel desert to the north
  • savannah grassland
  • upland regions
  • woodland
  • forest
17
Q

What is northern Nigeria like?

A
  • far NE = semi desert
  • further south = grassland to graze cattle + crops like cotton, millets and groundnuts
18
Q

What is the Jos Plateau?

A
  • An upland region surrounding the city of Jos
  • Wetter and cooler than savannah
  • densely populated farmland + woodland
19
Q

What is southern Nigeria like?

A
  • high temp + high annual rainfall
  • lots of forest
  • crops include cocoa, oil, palm and rubber
  • hard to keep cattle here because of tsetse fly (transmits a parasite lethal to cattle)
20
Q

What natural resources does Nigeria have?

A

Agriculture and crude oil

21
Q

What is the importance of agriculture?

A
  • less important due to crude petroleum
  • 40% still employed here
  • biggest cotton customers: Australia (30%), Indonesia (15%)
  • low cocoa and rubber exports - most sent to Barbados for processing
  • trading groups -ECOWAS and CEN-SAD
    west African trading partners -Ghana and Ivory Coast
22
Q

What is the significance of crude oil?

A
  • Dominates exports
  • Biggest customers - India and Spain
  • sweet oil (<42% sulfur content) - higher quality than Middle Eastern oil
  • can refine into gasoline
  • less demand in US because of shale oil
  • 2013-2014 = India, China, Japan + South Korea crude oil increased by 40%
23
Q

How has Nigeria’s industrial structure changed?

A
  • traditionally primary production was the main source of income - cocoa, timber, oil palm, cotton etc
  • oil was discovered in 1965 in the Niger Delta - more high end jobs in industrial sector and more chances to trade
  • OPEC: Nigeria has 40 million barrels of proven oil reserve
  • oil makes 65% of govt revenue
  • Africa’s largest oil producer
  • 13th largest oil producing country in the world
24
Q

What is the structure of Nigeria’s economy?

A

Much more balanced than before between agriculture, industrial and services

25
Q

Advantages of oil extraction (economic)

A
  • helps to transition from LIC to NEE
  • 50 year of supply left at the current rate of production
  • 10th highest level of oil reserves
  • 40% of GDP, 98% of export earnings
26
Q

Disadvantages of oil extraction (economic)

A
  • Dependence on oil make it vulnerable to price fluctuation
  • if prices fall (like 2015) it damages the economy
27
Q

How is technology developing the Nigerian economy?

A
  • more use of telecommunications = benefit from global finance + trade
  • rapid advances in tech
  • IT is beginning to drive the economy instead of oil
  • investment in science + tech training
28
Q

How is the population developing Nigeria’s economy?

A
  • youthful population
  • large population = asset for country with science + tech training
  • many people speak English = potential growth in telecoms
    Greater concern for the environment

Geography (7 decks)

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