Changing Economic World - Nigeria Flashcards
Where is Nigeria located?
- Africa, West Africa
- North of the Equator
- Bordered by Niger, Cameroon, Chad and
Benin - South coast is coastal
- Capital: Abuja (centre of Nigeria)
When did Nigeria gain independence and from who?
Nigeria gained independence from the UK in 1960
How much aid does Nigeria receive from the UK every year?
£300 million
What are some of Nigeria’s political links?
- African Union - economic planning + peacekeeping (Niger, Chad, Benin, Cameroon)
- ECOWAS - Economic Community of West African States. Trading group, HQ Abuja
- CEN-SAD - Community of Sahel-Saharan states. trading + sporting links
- OPEC - Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Regulate price + supply of oil
- UN - 2013 = Nigeria contributed 5th largest troops to UN peacekeeping force. 2014-15 = temporary member of UN Security Council
what are Nigeria’s top imports?
- phones
- rice
- wheat
- petroleum
- cars
what are Nigeria’s top exports?
- crude and refined petroleum
- rubber
- cocoa
- cotton
- natural gas
what is Nigeria’s largest market?
EU - 36% of total trade
what was Nigeria like politically after gaining independence?
- power struggles from 1967-1970 led to dictatorships and a civil war
- led to corruption and held back development
- stable government only from 1999 - free and fair elections in 2011 and 2015
how does the Ebola outbreak of 2014 link with politics?
- the handling was a sign of political stability
- only 8 people died because of good healthcare and planning
- later other countries copied this strategy
what investment in Nigeria is there?
- China is investing heavily to develop Abuja
- business + banking investment
- GE is investing in new power plants
- American companies operating in Nigeria eg. Walmart, IBM, Microsoft
what is Nigerian society like?
- multiethnic - Yoruba (21%), Hausa and the Fulani (29%), Igbo (18%) + other small groups
- multifaith - Christian south, Islamic North, traditional African religions
-can be a strength and a conflict
what caused the Nigerian civil war (1967-1970)?
the Igbo-dominated south-east tried to become the independent Republic of Biafra
Recent social developments?
- Rapid urbanisation
- Rural-urban migration has broken down some traditional boundaries (though traditional identities still exist)
- economic instability between the north and south led to religious tensions eg. Boko Haram
what is Boko Haram?
it is a militant Islamic fundamentalist group based in Nigeria founded in 2002
what is Nigeria’s cultural context?
- diverse population = varied culture
- Nigerian national football team - won African Cup of Nations 3 times (last 2013)
- Nigerian football players have played for the premier league - eg Viktor Moses, John Obi Mikel
- famous Nigerian writers - eg Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Wole Soyinka
- Famous Nigerian music - Fela Kuti, Burna Boy
- Nollywood - second largest film industry in the world behind India
What natural environment are there in Nigeria?
- Sahara and Sahel desert to the north
- savannah grassland
- upland regions
- woodland
- forest
What is northern Nigeria like?
- far NE = semi desert
- further south = grassland to graze cattle + crops like cotton, millets and groundnuts
What is the Jos Plateau?
- An upland region surrounding the city of Jos
- Wetter and cooler than savannah
- densely populated farmland + woodland
What is southern Nigeria like?
- high temp + high annual rainfall
- lots of forest
- crops include cocoa, oil, palm and rubber
- hard to keep cattle here because of tsetse fly (transmits a parasite lethal to cattle)
What natural resources does Nigeria have?
Agriculture and crude oil
What is the importance of agriculture?
- less important due to crude petroleum
- 40% still employed here
- biggest cotton customers: Australia (30%), Indonesia (15%)
- low cocoa and rubber exports - most sent to Barbados for processing
- trading groups -ECOWAS and CEN-SAD
west African trading partners -Ghana and Ivory Coast
What is the significance of crude oil?
- Dominates exports
- Biggest customers - India and Spain
- sweet oil (<42% sulfur content) - higher quality than Middle Eastern oil
- can refine into gasoline
- less demand in US because of shale oil
- 2013-2014 = India, China, Japan + South Korea crude oil increased by 40%
How has Nigeria’s industrial structure changed?
- traditionally primary production was the main source of income - cocoa, timber, oil palm, cotton etc
- oil was discovered in 1965 in the Niger Delta - more high end jobs in industrial sector and more chances to trade
- OPEC: Nigeria has 40 million barrels of proven oil reserve
- oil makes 65% of govt revenue
- Africa’s largest oil producer
- 13th largest oil producing country in the world
What is the structure of Nigeria’s economy?
Much more balanced than before between agriculture, industrial and services
Advantages of oil extraction (economic)
- helps to transition from LIC to NEE
- 50 year of supply left at the current rate of production
- 10th highest level of oil reserves
- 40% of GDP, 98% of export earnings
Disadvantages of oil extraction (economic)
- Dependence on oil make it vulnerable to price fluctuation
- if prices fall (like 2015) it damages the economy
How is technology developing the Nigerian economy?
- more use of telecommunications = benefit from global finance + trade
- rapid advances in tech
- IT is beginning to drive the economy instead of oil
- investment in science + tech training
How is the population developing Nigeria’s economy?
- youthful population
- large population = asset for country with science + tech training
- many people speak English = potential growth in telecoms
Greater concern for the environment
