Changing Cities Flashcards
development
A broad concept linked to improving the quality of people’s lives
urbanisation
An increase in the number of people living in towns and cities compared to rural areas
economic migrant
Someone who migrates in search of work and better economic opportunities
internal migrant
Someone who moves within a country to live for at least a year
international migrant
Someone who permanently relocates to a different country
rural-urban migration
The process of people leaving rural areas to find work in urban areas, associated with developing and emerging countries.
natural increase
When population figures show a positive difference between birth rate and death rate. (increasing life expectancies, rather than higher birth rates)
pull factors
A reason why someone is attracted to a place to live such as a city
push factors
A reason why someone may leave an area
two-speed economy
A divide between two areas of a country based on wealth, with one developing at a faster rate
megacity
A city with at least a population of 10 million people
major city
A city with a population of at least 400,000
major urban area
An area that has a high population density and is made up of houses, industrial buildings, factories and transport routes
population density
The number of people living in a certain area of land (usually measured by the number of people per kilometre square)
population distribution
The pattern showing how population is spread over an area
site
The land the settlement is built on
situation
Where the settlement is, compared to the physical and human features around it
connectivity
The way that a settlement is connected, or linked to other settlements in the UK and to other countries around the world
function
The purpose of a settlement, why it has grown and exists. This can change overtime
CBD
The centre of a city; often containing the most important shops, businesses and entertainment facilities
Inner-city
The central area of a major city, usually situated around the central point of a city
suburbs
The residential area or a mixed-use area within a commuting distance of the city centre
urban-rural fringe
The area on the outskirts of the city
public buildings
Buildings owned by the council that serve the residents of the city e.g., libraries
social housing
Houses that are owned by a housing association and are rented to people who can’t afford to buy their home
owner-occupied housing
The house is owned by the people living there
greenbelt
An area around the city composed of farmland and recreational land. Strict controls on development to control the growth of cities
suburbanisation
The outward growth of urban areas which may engulf surrounding villages and towns into larger urban agglomeration (meaning assemblage)
counter-urbanisation
When large numbers of people move from urban areas into the surrounding countryside or rural areas
re-urbanisation
The process whereby towns and cities in developed cities which have been experiencing a loss of population are able to reverse the decline and begin to grow again
gentrification
The improvement of housing in an area which was formerly poor or run-down. It is mainly carried out by the residents themselves in a piecemeal (meaning one thing at a time) way
regeneration
Redeveloping previously used areas of a city. This might involve changing the use of a place, or involve refurbishing buildings or building new buildings
brownfield land
Land within a city that is no longer used. It may contain old factories or housing, or it may have been cleared ready for redevelopment
greenfield land
Land, often found on the edges of an urban area, that has not been built on. Sometimes referred to as a virgin land. It may have only been used for agricultural purposes
globalisation
The country and the global economy have become interdependent
decentralisation
Having the headquarters of a company in one country, but its factories and warehouses elsewhere
deindustrialisation
The loss of industry in a local area, due to government policy to import products of industry or due to the decision of TNC’s to operate more cheaply elsewhere
de-population
The loss of the majority of a localities population due to push factors such as lack of employment, declining housing conditions and declining access to services
multiplier effect
Improving the economic growth, quality of life and aesthetic of an area by investment in one sector, that promotes improvement across other sectors
de-multiplier effect
The overall impact of a loss of employment and population in a locality
retail industry
Shopping or the process of buying goods, that can be a recreational activity for some
out of town shopping centres
Large indoor shopping centres located on the outskirts of cities, often built on Brownfield land
edge of town shopping centres
Located closer to the city but still not within the city centre
