Changing Cities Flashcards
Urbanisation definition
An increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, compared to Rural areas
Emerging country definition
A country with high and medium development
Developing country definition
A country with very low human development
Developed country definition
The country was very high human development
Natural increase definition
When the population numbers show a positive difference between the birthrate and death rate
International migration definition
The movement of people from one country to another with the intention of staying at least a year
Internal migration definition
The movement of people in the country with the intention of staying least a year
Major city definition
A city with a population of at least 400,000
Human development index HDI definition
The measurement of life expectancy, gross international income, per capita
Rural depopulation definition?
The movement of people from rural to urban areas
Push factors of urbanisation
Poor, wages
shortage of jobs
Widespread poverty
Few opportunities to make life better
Difficult conditions with poor housing and low standards of living
Lack of services, e.g. schools
Pull factors of urbanisation
More job opportunities
Higher wages
Better housing
Higher quality of life
family already moved
More opportunities
Better services
Why is urbanisation rate so high in developing and emerging countries?
Factories open up
Moving for jobs
Industrialisation
Better services
Clean water
Less famine in cities
Why do some urban areas develop in the UK?
Good, communication
Natural resources
Enclosure acts
Rivers - water source- transport-trading
Tourism
Retirement settlements
Social reasons, why more houses needed
They’re growing numbers of immigrants into the UK around 200,000 per year
Grandparents are no longer live with their children, they live alone
Increase in divorce is the family lives in to dwellings – religion – law
Population of the UK has grown e.g. the period from 2001 to 2010 it was from 58.8m in 2001 to 62.3 m in 2010.
People marrying later in life from 24 in 1960’s to 30 today
Economic reasons why more house is needed
Population of the UK is wealthier, so people can buy/rent at young age, so don’t live with their parents
Move cage, cos of a mortgages with low rates to encourage people to buy
Buy now pay later, mentality of young people – they don’t save money, but spend it on mortgages instead
Rising house, prices means more demand for lots of smaller flats
Political reasons, why more housing is needed
The governments, sustainable communities policy promised, 3 million new homes by 2020
The government is planning 10 new eco towns around the UK
Brownfield site definition
Land within a city, which is no longer used
It may be abandoned, look, rundown, contain old factories and derelict buildings
It may be in the process of being redeveloped or renewed
Greenfield site definition
What is the land that has never been built on before usually fields in rural areas or the edge of urban areas
These may be used for building new houses, but planning permission. It’s often tricky to get, especially if the land is designated as Greenbelt and protected.
Redevelopment definition
When the old buildings are knocked down and new buildings, up at up in their place
An example is match of the London Docklands in Canary Wharf were there, are big glass modern buildings, and flats
Renewal definition
Went old buildings, such as warehouses are improved to combine the best of old and new
These might have wooden floors and exposed brick, but have a new kitchens and bathrooms
There are many in the London Docklands, such as around the Docklands Museum
Regeneration definition
A general term to describe the improvements in an area, which may involve either or both of redevelopment or renewal of buildings, improved transport and open spaces
Advantages of using greenfield sites
Pleasant environment means marketing to buyers is easier
Layout is not hampered by previous building design so can be made efficient and pleasant
Advantages of using brownfield sites
Infrastructure such as gas and electricity is already present
Will make the area look more visually attractive
Planning permission is easier to get
- governments encourage use
Good use of waste ground
Bring dead area back to life
Disadvantages of using greenfield sites
New roads need to be built
Disturb natural habitats
Drive wildlife away
Less peace in countryside
Spoil appearance
Encourages urban sprawl
Less land for farming
- don’t need to knock down existing
More schools/shops need built
More traffic
Disadvantages of using brownfield sites
Higher land cost close to inner city
Contaminated ground - less buyers
More homes in the inner city means
- traffic congestion could worsen
Factors affecting urban population over time
Transport availability
Job availability
Education
Increase in resources
Disease
Industrialisation
Conflict/war
Landscape
Good things for an 8 mark Q
Have range of factors
Categorise
- physical, human
- social, economic, physical
- short term, long term
DATA
Located examples
Significance - justified
Definitions
This means that, therefore
Conclusion
I think that the most significant factor is ____ because it is _____(above)
In the future I think that ______ will be more significant
