Changing Cities Flashcards
Physical factors affecting the rate of urbanisation in the UK?
North and West – thin slopes, difficult to farm, low population density
South and East – rich soils in some regions, farming communities
Site?
the piece of land upon which a settlement is built
situation?
its position in relation to the surrounding human and physical features,
Land use?
the type of buildings found in an area
Function?
the purpose of an area
Land use model?
CBD
inner city
inner suburbs
outer suburbs
CBD of Birmingham?
-older area of city
-however new redevelopment projects like the bullring shopping centre
-dominated by offices,shops and theatres
-high building density as well as green space
inner city of Brum?
-redeveloped in the 70s
-high density terraced houses/tower blocks of flats
-little green space
-densly populated
Suburbs of brum?
-occupy a large area of land
-building density is low
-lots of green space
-industrial zones
Urban-rural fringe of Brum?
,housing
.airport
.business
.golf course
Urbanisation in Birmingham?
19th century
rural to urban
new estates built in areas like small heath
Suburbanisation in Brum?
1920s and 30s
-large estates of council and private houses
-had to expand
-lack of green space
counter urbanisation in Brum?
urban-rural migration
1970s onwards
5 CDAs created forcing people to leave their homes
Re urbanisation in Brum?
after 1990
CBD more developed
Causes of national migration to brum?
.study- Brum 2nd biggets uni
retirement
more job opportunities
Causes of international migration in Brum?
1950s- former colonies to migrate to fill job shiortages after ww2
since 2000s- migrants from eastern europe- higher standard of living and pay
fight from conflict- 2012/2015- syria and afghanistan
Where do the immigrints live?
inner city areas- cheap housing- pakistani, indian and bangladesh- sparkbrook, ashton, spark hill
recent immigrants- eastern side/ cheaper houses
Brum population structure?
42% non white- highly diverse
lots of economically active compared to old
Causes of de industrialisation in Brum?
.globalisation- other countries have factories
.de-centralisation- factories more rural
.technological advancements- less people requied to work in factories
.transport developments- people work further away
Why has inequality increased in Brum?
deindustrialisation
older housing- no longer suitable
-lack of investment
How has Brums CBD decreased?
19th centrury- people moved to the suburbs due to high cost, pollution, noisy
manufacturing industries relocate to suburbs
20th century- shopping centres move to out of town areas like merry hill
rise of internet shopping
How has Brums CBD increased?
.pedestrianing the city centre
.late night opening of shops
.bullring shopping/grand central centre
parking
Strategies to make Brum more sustainable?
-people?
.Grand central- lots of new jobs
.new schools/17 teaching schools
.Youth promise pledge
.Birmingham Municipal housing trust- more affordable homes/ 1576 houses
Strategies to make Brum more sustainable?
-environemnt?
.59 million project energy efficiency of homes-
..Park and Ride Scheme/ Brum Metro/Range of buses
Eastside city park/571 parks,more than any other European city
History of Mexico city?
-built on an island on a lake
-relatively flat land surrounded by mountains
Mexico city use?
-largest spanish speaking city
-national base for Tv,Radio and theatre
-one of the most important financial centres in the Americas
Mexico city structure?
Inner city- slums
suburbs- tight security/ middle class
urban-rural fringe- unregulated shanty towns
gentrification?
the zone where buildings are being renovated and rebuilt
Reasons for migration to Mexico city?
economic investement and growth
TNCs in Mexico city?
Renault
Santander
Positives of Migration?
more economically active people
more multicultralism
Negatives of Migration?
overcrowding
larges shanty towns- awful conditions
increased rate of crime
pollution
great class divide
pressure on clean water
Impacts of rapid urbansiation?
-environment
-Waste pollution- 13,000 tonnes of rubbish produced daily but can’t all be disposed so is left on the streets- water supplies are also polluted as 70 million tonnes are trapped beneath waste supplies
-pollution- increased number of cars- surrounded by mountains so pollutants are trapped
water stress
Impacts of rapid urbansiation?
-people
shanty towns vs gated off richer areas
squatter settlements- illegally build their own home
informal employment- government cannot collect taxes effectively, workers exploited
community based projects in Mexico city?
.rooftop gardens have taken off, with residents growing healthy foods
.locals working together to raise money on the outskirts to help build schools and helath centres- Neza- supported self build for people from the countryside
.Cultiva Ciudad is working with locals school to educate children about managing a garden
role of individual?
-mexican architect Tatiana Bilbao, affordable style of hosuing
-8,000 dollar homes- made from wooden pallets that can be added or removed as required
top down projects in Mexico City?
Metrobus programme- new buses the reduce greenhouse gas emissions, 35,000 tonnes less co2, more buses that work quicker so more people can be transported, reduced travel time by 30 mins , 250k daily
Plan Verde- green management- public spaces, waste management and sanitation- more sustainable strategies
Barter Market- residents exchanging waste for vocuhers, vouchers exchanged with famers for food, 3000 families benefit
