Changes of State Flashcards
Difference between boiling and evaporation
Boiling can only happen at boiling point, evaporation can happen whenever.
Boiling is all of the particles, evaporation is only one or two
What happens at melting point and why?
Temp. stays the same because all the energy is going into breaking the bonds
Describe 5 characteristics of the particles in solids
very close and ordered vibrate around a fixed position cannot be compressed cannot flow has a fixed shape and volume
Describe 5 characteristics of the particles in liquids
close but randomly arranged move freely are difficult to compress can be poured take the shape of the bottom of the container
Describe 5 characteristics of the particles in gases
are far apart and randomly arranged move freely can be compressed can be poured take the shape and volume of the container
Define diffusion
The movement of particles in a liquid or gas from a high concentration to a low concentration down the concentration gradient.
In what state does diffusion happen fastest and why?
In gases because there are bigger gaps between the particles.
When it is hot because the gaps between the particles get bigger.
In a vacuum because there are no particles.
Describe and explain the ammonia and hydrochloric acid in a glass tube experiment.
Why doesn’t the ring appear instantaneously?
Cotton wool soaked in ammonia at one end and cotton wool soaked in hydrochloric acid at the other. White ring forms closer to the hydrochloric acid end because ammonia is lighter so its particles travel further in the same time as the hydrochloric acid particles.
There are air particles in the way.
Define solubility
The amount of solute (g) that will dissolve in 100g of water at a PARTICULAR TEMPERATURE
Define solute and solvent
The thing being dissolved (gas or solid) and the thing doing the dissolving (liquid)
Define saturated solution
A solution in which no more solute can be dissolved (temperature dependent)
Do hot solvent or cold solvents dissolve more solute?
Hot liquid particles have bigger gaps between the particles.
