Champagne Significant Years and Dates Flashcards
When did the Romans settle in Champagne
5th Century
The first recorded wine house in Champagne
Gosset 1584 as a still wine house
How long has Champagne (Reims) been the coronation location for the Court
Since 1575
- 27 French Kings have been crowned in Reims
What was going on in Champagne between 1550 - 1730
A little Ice Age
How did the wines of Champagne originally ferment and mature
In Cask until the Mid 17th Century
Who grew majority of the grapes in the 18th Century
Peasants
What was the first Champagne house of Champagne
Ruinart - founded in 1729
When was considered the Golden Age of Champagne
1830 - 1870
- Sales grew in Key Markets such as Imperial Germany and Britian
- The US Market had opened up
When did Champagne become integral with being French and how?
1870 - 1914
- Era was also known as Belle Epoque (1871 - 1914, a period characterized by optimism, regional peace, economic prosperity, colonial expansion, technological, scientific, and cultural innovations )
- Key to national and personal rituals
- A symbol of Social Cohesion (at least for the rich)
When did Phylloxera come to Champagne
1890
When was the Aube officially removed from the region of Champagne
1911
- Once the regions boundaries were set for Champagne Viticole
When was the Aube officially brought back in to the region of Champagne
1927
When was the Commission of Chalons founded
1935
When was the CIVIC founded
1941 by Count Robert Jean du Vogue of Moet to help protect the interest of Champagne from the Nazi’s who took over the area during would World War II
What was Trente Glorieuses
Thirty Glorious - from 1945 - 1975, the French economy boomed and people began to purchase a lot of Champagne
When was the breakdown of agreement over the price of grapes and who banned it
1991 - European Union
How long did the Romans rule Champagne
50 AD til 461 AD
What century did Champagne begin to establish the names “vins de la riviere and vins de la montagne
9th Century
What was the years of the 100 years war and who was it between
1337 - 1453, the English and France (House of Valois)
By the 12th Century, how many communes were growing grapes in Champagne
131
By the 1400’s how many communes were growing grapes in Champagne
400
During the 1500’s what grape made its debut in the region of Champagne
Pinot Noir
What was the exact years of the Thirty Years War and the reason behind it
1618 - 1648
- Protestant Reformation
What year was Dom Perignon born
1638 or 1639 (sources differ on the year)
When was the first intentionally crafted sparkling wine produced in Champagne
1695 / 1698
When was the cork rediscovered as a seal in Champagne
1685
When did Sir Robert Mansell, a admiral of the Royal Navy and Glassworks owner, began to add iron and manganese to the glassblowing process and crafts the pre-cursor to strong bottle glass or “verre anglais”
1630’s
When did the terms Vins Pour Mousser and Vins Mousseux began to be used
1710
What is signigicant about March 8, 1735
The official champagne bottle made its debut and was fashioned by royal decree
- By decree, it is sealed with a cork that is tied to the bottle with a string
When did it become legal to sell and transport champagne in a bottle
1728
When did the usage of a wire made of iron or brass become an option to hold the cork in place
1760
What sub region of Champagne began champagne production during the 17th Century
Montagne de Reims
What sub region of Champagne began champagne production during the 18th Century
Cote des Blancs
By the end of the 18th Century how many acres / hectares are under vine in Champagne and who controls majority of them
125,000 acres / 50,000 ha
- the church and nobility
At the end of the French Revolution, what village became the new capital of Champagne
Chalons-sur-Marne
Before the French Revolution, what village was the capital of Champagne
Troyes
What was the Metheun Treaty
SIgned in 1703, was an agreement between England and Portugal, guaranteeing that no tax higher than the tax charged for an equal amount of French wines could be charged for Portuguese wines exported to England.
- Basically a battle between Port (Portugal) and Champagne (France)
What made Champagne begin to expand to markets outside of Britain? To places such a Poland, Russia, Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Scandinavia and newly born United States in the 18th Century
1728 - King George II prohibited the importation of wine in bottles
- The import tax was lifted in 1786 but not the bottle ban
- Bottle ban was lifted at the turn of the century (1800s)
When did the first champagne glass appear, where, and what style was it
- 1755
- England
- It was in a bowl shape and was long and conical
- In 1772 the glass was referred to as a flute
When did the flute become apart of French Culture
the 1800’s and it was known as a “drinking vessel”
At the end of the 18th Century, approximately how many bottles were produced in Champagne
300,000
What revolution in the 19th Century made its way to Europe and help link France and Europe
Industrial Revolution
By 1821, how many established champagne houses were there
100
When did Germans began to migrate to the region of Champagne
The beginning of the 19th Century
At the end of the 18th Century, how many established champagne houses were their
10
When did the concept of “house styles” or blending became a widespread art in Champagne
The start of the 19th Century
What year was the first mention of sugar being added to increase the effervescence of the finished product
1821
What year did pharmacist Jean Baptiste Francois solve the dilemma behind how much residual sugar is left in the wine after the first fermentation and how much more to add to deliver maximum sparkle and minimal breakage
- This method was known as Reduction Francois
1837
When did Madame Clicquot began to experiment with the remuage process
1806
When did Madame Clucquot and her celler master Antoine Muller perfect the pupitre and remuage
1818
When did the A shape pupitre come into play
1840
When did Armand Walfard of Belgium, invent the method of disgorgement a la glace and when was it patented
1884
When did the coupe make its debut
1830s
When did railroads reach Epernay and Reims
1854
When did printed labels replace handwritten wine cards
Around 1820
When did the dosage machine appear
1844
When did corks began to be covered with tin foil instead of wax
1856
When did producers began to brand their sparkling wines with the place of origin
1860’s
When was the muselet invented and by whome
1844 - Adolphe Jacquesson
When is the muselet patented
1870’s
By the end of the 19th Century, what was the production of champagne bottles
- 5 million
- end of the 18th Century it was 300,000
What was the Madrid agreement
- Created in 1891
- Ratified between 9 countries
- Purpose of this treaty was to establish a union by which registered marks (trademarks) would be protected within all its members countries
- This treaty was not very effective on a global scale due to the fact that so few countries ratified the agreement at the time
When was the The Federation des Syndicates Viticoles de la Champagne is created and what was its purpose
1904
- Created and campaigned against fraud
What year did Champagne define its borders
1908 and it was called the Champagne Viticole
What year was the Echelle des Crus (scale of named places) created
1911
What year was the law made that the word “champagne” must appear on labels, corks, and packing crates and the phrase “ Vin Declate Originaire de la Champagne Viticole” (Wine declared to be a native of Champagne” must appear on shipping documents
1911
When was the Champagne Deuxieme Zone created
1911
When was the Belle Epoque era
1871 - 1914
When did the noble grapes become the main grapes of Champagne
1920’s after World War I
When did the vineyards move away from vignes en foule to vinges en lignes
1920’s after World War I
When did the Aube rejoin the region of Champagne
1927
During what years did the Great Depression drop the numbers of champagne growers from 25,000 to 13,300; grape surplus gives birth to recoltants manipulants and sparkling cooperatives
1930s
What year did bottle production go 100% mechanized ; no more hand blown glass bottles
1936
What year did Moet et Chandon introduce the first prestige cuvee Dom Perignon
1937
When was the Madrid Protocol drafted
1989
When did the Madrid Protocol go into effect
1996
When did the slopes, cellars, and Houses of Champagne gain World Heritage Site status
July 4, 2015
When did Phylloxera arrive in the Aube and progresses north to Marne
1889
When did the farmers tractor began to get used in Champagne
1950’s
