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Advanced Somm > Champagne and Sparkling Wine > Flashcards

Champagne and Sparkling Wine Flashcards

1
Q

What direction do the vineyards of Montagne de Reims face?

A

North and south

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2
Q

What is the prominent grape of the Aube?

A

Pinot Noir

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3
Q

What districts of Champagne do not have any Grand Crus?

A

Cote de Sezanne and Cote de Bars (Aube)

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4
Q

What villages were upgraded in 1985 from Premier to Grand Cru?

A

-Verzy (Montagne de Reims)
-Chouilly (Côte de Blancs)
-Oiry (Côte de Blancs
-Oger (Côte de Blancs)
-Le Mesnil-sur-Oger (Côte de Blancs)

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5
Q

What lasting contribution did Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin make under the widow’s leadership?

A

The pupitre and thus remuage

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6
Q

What did André François discover?

A

The precise amount of sugar required to induce 2nd fermentation w/o breaking the bottle

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7
Q

Approximately how many growers are in Champagne?

A

20,000

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8
Q

Is malo a universal practice in Champagne?

A

No

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9
Q

What is the dominant soil of the Aube?

A

Clay

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10
Q

When did “mousseux” first appear in connotation w/the wines of Champagne?

A

1724
Although Champenoise may have enjoyed intentionally sparkling wines as early as 1700

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11
Q

Name 7 AOPs for traditional method Crémant in France.

A

-Crémant de Bordeaux
-Crémant de Bourgogne
-Crémant de Loire
-Crémant de Limoux
-Crémant de Die
-Crémant du Jura
-Crémant d’Alsace

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12
Q

What moderates the amount of land a firm may farm, owned or rented, in Champagne? What is the max hectares?

A

-Contrôle Structures
-15 hectares

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13
Q

What subsoil is pushed to the surface on Champagne’s slopes?

A

Belemnite Chalk

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14
Q

Champagne now accounts for 1 in ___ bottles of sparkling wine produced worldwide?

A

12

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15
Q

Who released the first Tête de Cuvée?

A

Moët et Chandon’s 1921 “Dom Pérignon” was released in 1936

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16
Q

What is vin clairs?

A

High-acid base wines with an approximate ABV of 11%

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17
Q

What is bouvreux?

A

-A second crop
-When rain interrupts flowering, a bouvreux results, that rarely ripens and is left on the vine

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18
Q

What does Pinot Meunier lend to a Champagne blend?

A

Youthful fruitiness and approachability

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19
Q

In 2012, what did Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, and Pinot Meunier plantings account for in Champagne?

A

-Pinot Noir - 38%
-Chardonnay - 30%
-Pinot Meunier - 32%

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20
Q

What are the standard bottle sizes larger than a magnum for Champagne?

A

-Jeroboam (3L)
-Rehoboam (4.5L)
-Methusaleh (6L)
-Salmanazar (9L)
-Balthazar (12L)
-Nebuchadnezzar (15L)
-Solomon (18L)

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21
Q

Describe the continuous method steps.

A

-Base wine is pumped through a series of interconnected (continuous) tanks
-While undergoing 2nd ferment
-Lees accumulate in the first several tanks
-Offering a high degree of autolyzed flavors than the standard (tank) method

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22
Q

What percent of grapes must originate from a grower’s own vineyards for RM?

A

95%

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23
Q

How much does the ABV rise during the second fermentation?

A

~1.2-1.3%

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24
Q

Name 6 countries major Champagne houses have established outposts in.

A

-USA
-Australia
-Argentina
-Brazil
-New Zealand
-Ukraine

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25
Q

What are the steps of Méthode Champenoise?

A

-Pressing
-Débourbage
-Chaptalization
-Prim. Fermentation
-Clarification
-Assemblage
-Cold Stabilization
-Racking
-Bottling (liqueur de tirage)
-Prise de Mousse (2nd Ferment)
-Autolysis
-Pointage
-Remuage
-Dégorgement
-Dosage
-Corked w/muselet

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26
Q

What is the oldest sparkling Champagne house?

A

Ruinart- est. in 1729

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27
Q

What size bottles is transvasage permitted for?

A

Smaller than the half bottle and larger than the Jeroboam

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28
Q

What is Méthode Rurale?

A

Another name for Méthode Ancestrale

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29
Q

What is liqueur de tirage?

A

A mixture of still wine, yeasts, sugar and a fining agent that will serve to ignite the 2nd fermentation

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30
Q

What is the prominent grape of Vallée de la Marne?

A

Pinot Meunier (Frost prone region)

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31
Q

What is the first 2,550 L pressed from 4,000kg divided into?

A

-vin de cuvée (2,050L)
-vin de taille (500L)

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32
Q

How long does remuage take?

A

-Traditional ~ 8 weeks
-Modern ~ 1 week

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33
Q

What does RC mean?

A

-Recoltant Coopérateur
-A grower whose grapes are vinifed at a cooperative, but sell under his own label

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34
Q

Name 2 other names for the Charmat Method.

A

-Cuve Close
-Tank Method

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35
Q

In 1992, what did the CIVC set the limit for grape pressing to?

A

102L for 160kg (2,550L for 4,000kg)

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36
Q

What is another name for the Continuous Method?

A

Russian Continuous Method
(Developed in the USSR)

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37
Q

What are the responsibilities for the CIVC?

A

-Mediating relationships between growers & producers
-Oversee production methods and promotion
-Regulates the size of the harvest
-Authorizes the blocage (reserve) and deblocage (release) of wine/harvest
-Safeguards the protected designation of Champagne
-Until 1990, they regulated the pricing of the grapes

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38
Q

What are the 4 vineyards concerns of Champagne?

A

-Frost
-Rain
-Fungal Disease
-Hail

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39
Q

What is a bidule?

A

A plastic capsule that will serve to capture the sediment during remuage

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40
Q

Is a cork used during the second fermentation bottling?

A

Usually a crown cap, a cork sometimes (i.e. for prestige cuvées)

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41
Q

What is Pinot Blanc Vrai?

A

“True” Pinot Blanc, a white form of Pinot Noir

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42
Q

What is a muselet?

A

A wire cage used to secure the cork on a Champagne bottle

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43
Q

How many liters is a Methusaleh?

A

6 L (8 bottles)

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44
Q

Who’s 1801 seminal work identified the relationship between sugar and fermentation?

A

Who’s 1801 seminal work identified the relationship between sugar and fermentation?

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45
Q

How is the majority of German Sekt produced?

A

Tank or Continuous Method

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46
Q

What is “les bleus de ville”?

A

Remnants of the blue rags used to ship Parisian compost trash, formerly used for fertilizer

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47
Q

What are the two types of dégorgment?

A

Dégorgement à la glace - modern
-Dégorgement à la volée - older method
-Same, just no freezing, wine is lost

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48
Q

What is the liqueur d’expedition?

A

Dosage - mixture of wine and sugar syrup

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49
Q

What is a Solomon bottle size called in Bordeaux?

A

Melchior

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50
Q

What is a Tête de Cuvée?

A

A prestige cuvée, usually the pinnacle of quality for a producer

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51
Q

What was the first single vineyard Champagne?

A

1935 Philiponnt “Clos de Goisses”

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52
Q

Describe Belemnite Chalk.

A

-Porous
-Derived from the fossilized remains of millions of cephalopods
-Absorbing heat to protect the vines at night
-Providing excellent drainage

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53
Q

What is the pressing limit for Crémant?

A

100L from 150kg = 2,666L from 4,000kg

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54
Q

What is the dominant grape of Côte de Sezanne?

A

Chardonnay

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55
Q

What did the winemaking treatise of 1718 highlight?

A

Division of quality between vin de cuvée and vin de taille, when pressing red grapes for white juice

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56
Q

What did the Champenoise use to color their wines to compete w/the deeper hues of red Burgundy?

A

Elderberry

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57
Q

What is a pupitre?

A

-Two large wooden planks fastened together in an upright “A” shape
-Each plank has 60 angled holes cut into it

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58
Q

What is Rosé de Riceys?

A

-100% Pinot Noir Rosé
-Produced in Les Riceys (Aube)

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59
Q

What is remuage?

A

Riddling

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60
Q

In 1985, what change was made to the Échelle de Crus?

A

A revision set the minimum percentage at 80

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61
Q

When did the growers of Champagne revolt?

A

1911 - rioting in the streets and ransacking houses

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62
Q

What is done in Méthode Ancestrale prior to sale?

A

The wine is disgorged, filtered and rebottled in clean glass

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63
Q

What is an autoclave?

A

A pressurized enamel-lined tank for the 2nd fermentation for the Charmat Method

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64
Q

What is “sur latte” and “sur point”?

A

-“sur latte” - during the 2nd ferment, the bottles are typically horizontal (sur latte)
-“sur point” - the bottles are vertical (sur point) at the end of remuage and rested

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65
Q

How many liters is a Balthazar?

A

12 L (16 bottles)

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66
Q

How many liters is a Nebuchadnezzar?

A

15 L (20 bottles)

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67
Q

What are the Grand Crus of Vallée de la Marne?

A

-Aÿ
-Tours-sur-Marne (Red grapes only)

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68
Q

What is a “marc” of grapes?

A

4,000kg - the amount held in a traditional basket press (coquard)

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69
Q

What are the 5 districts of Champagne?

A

-Montage de Reims
-Vallée de la Marne
-Cote de Blancs (the Aube)
-Cote de Sézanne
-Cote de Blancs

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70
Q

What is assemblage?

A

Blending

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71
Q

What bottle size was discontinued in 1989? Why?

A

-Rehoboam - 4.5L (6 bottles)
-Regulations state bottles must be in liter increments

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72
Q

What pruning methods are permitted in Champagne?

A

-Cordon de Royat
-Chablis
-Vallée de la Marne
-Double or Simple Guyot

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73
Q

What percentage of the blend must come from the stated vintage?

A

100%

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74
Q

What major change in the late 17th century allowed the English to probably have enjoyed the first true sparkling Champagne?

A

The English transferred Champagne from cask to stronger, coal fired glass that could contain the pressure. Previously, wood-fired glass was used

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75
Q

What region outside of France is considered a natural continuation of the chalk in Champagne?

A

White Cliffs of Dover (England)

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76
Q

Why was the CIVC founded?

A

-Built on the framework of the Commissions de Châlons
-A broader consortium of growers, producers and shippers
-To represent the Champagne industry and protect its interests in the face of Nazi occupation

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77
Q

What is transvasage?

A

Transfer Method
-Remuage is unnecessary, the wine is disgorged into a pressurized tank and filtered
-Dosage is added and the wine is transferred to a clean bottle under pressure

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78
Q

What was Dom Pérignon’s lasting contribution to Champagne? Where was he the cellar master?

A

-Blending
-Abbey of Hautvillers (1668-1715)

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79
Q

How many bottles did the Champenoise ship worldwide?

A

338.7 million

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80
Q

What is Coteaux Champenois?

A

Still red, white & rosé for the entire appellation of Champagne

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81
Q

What is the topsoil of most of Champagne?

A

Sandy and clay

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82
Q

When did the INAO decide to meet the burden of demand and broaden the appellation’s area? From what to what?

A

-2009
-319 to 357

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83
Q

What portion of the Champagne sold is produced by growers?

A

Under a quarter

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84
Q

Name 6 appellations in France that may be mousseux or pétillant and are produced by the traditional method.

A

-Vouvray
-Montlouis-sur-Loire
-Saumur
-Vin de Savoie
-Seyssel (Savoie)
-Blanquette de Limoux

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85
Q

What are the requirements for Special Club members?

A

-Viticulture must occur on the estate (only RM producers may join)
-Vinification and bottling must occur on the estate
-The “Special Club” is the top-of-the-range, prestige cuvée for all members
-Must have identical labels and bottle shape

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86
Q

What is débourbage?

A

Settling of the must

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87
Q

What direction do the vineyards of the Côte de Blancs face?

A

Southeast and east

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88
Q

What portion of the Champagne market is NV?

A

3/4th

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89
Q

Is all Cava traditional method?

A

Yes

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90
Q

What does the Charmat Method emphasize in a sparkling wine?

A

Fruit and varietal aromatics

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91
Q

What does CM mean?

A

-Coopérative Manipulant
-A growers’ co-operative that produces wine under a single brand

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92
Q

How many g/L of RS are permitted for Demi-Sec?

A

-Pre-2010 - 33-50g/l
-Current - 32-50g/l

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93
Q

How many g/L RS are permitted for Doux?

A

-Pre-2010 - 50+g/L
-Current - 50+g/L

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94
Q

How many g/L of RS is permitted for Extra Brut?

A

-Pre-2010 - 0-6g/l
-Current - 0-6g/l

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95
Q

What is the second layer soil that characterizes Champagne’s valley vineyards?

A

Micraster Chalk - name for the extinct sea urchin

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96
Q

Which Grand Cru is red only? White only?

A

-Red - Tours-sur-Marne (Vallée de la Marne)
-White - Chouilly (Côte de Blancs)

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97
Q

What percentage of the year’s harvest for a single house may be sold as vintage Champagne?

A

max 80%

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98
Q

When was Champagne delimited? What region was left out? When was it added?

A

-1908
-Aube
-1927

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99
Q

What parallel is Champagne located on?

A

48th

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100
Q

What is the mean annual temperature of Champagne?

A

50ºF (10ºC)

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101
Q

What does MA mean?

A

-Marque d’Acheteur
-A “buyer’s own brand”, often a large supermarket chain or restaurant, that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label

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102
Q

What vintage during WWI (1914-1918) was considered one of the finest vintages of the century?

A

1914

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103
Q

What was the Commissions de Châlons?

A

-Predecessor to the CIVC
-Est. in 1935
-A consortium of growers and merchants
-Formed to develop quality standards and regulate pricing

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104
Q

When was compost fertilizer outlawed in Champagne?

A

1998

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105
Q

What is a matriculation number?

A

A series of digits that is a unique ID assigned to each producer by the CIVC

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106
Q

How many half twists are used to secure the muselet?

A

6

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107
Q

What is the Prise de Mousse?

A

Second Fermentation

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108
Q

How many liters is a Solomon?

A

18L (24 bottles)

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109
Q

The early unpredictability of sparkling wines created a need for terminology, what were those terms?

A

-Pétillant
-Demi-Mousseux (Crémant)
-Grand Mousseux

A

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110
Q

What is the “Club Trésors”? When was it organized?

A

-Special Club
-1971

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111
Q

What is the Special Club?

A

-A dozen grower-producers
-Lacking marketing budgets of larger houses, they banded together to promote their prestige cuvées through identical packaging

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112
Q

How long must NV wines spend on their lees?

A

12 months

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113
Q

How many atmospheres of pressure are in a Champagne bottle?

A

5-6

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114
Q

What are bourbes?

A

Solids, generally removed by racking prior to fermentation

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115
Q

What does ND mean?

A

-Négociant Distributeur
-A middle man company that distributes Champagne it did not make

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116
Q

How long must NV wines remain in the cellar? Vintage?

A

-15 months
-36 months

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117
Q

How many g/l of RS are permitted for Extra Dry?

A

-Pre-2010 - 12-20g/l
-Current - 12-17g/l

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118
Q

What is a remuer?

A

A riddler

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119
Q

What are the sweetness levels for Champagne?

A

-Extra Brut
-Brut
-Extra Dry
-Sec
-Demi-Sec
-Doux

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120
Q

What percentage of vineyards do merchant houses own in Champagne?

A

Just over 10%

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121
Q

What is the oldest Champagne house still in operation today?

A

-Gosset
-Est. in 1584 as a still wine producer

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122
Q

Who developed the Charmat Method in the late 20th century?

A

Eugene Charmat

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123
Q

What is a Piccolo?

A

A quarter bottle - 187ml

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124
Q

What does NM mean?

A

-Négociant Manipulant
-A house that purchases base wines and grapes from growers and smaller houses

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125
Q

What are the obscure authorized varieties of Champagne?

A

-Pinot Blanc Vrai
-Arbane
-Pinot Gris
-Petit Meslier

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126
Q

Must a prestige cuvée be vintage?

A

Usually (but not always)

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127
Q

In 2006, what were the yields in Champagne?

A

They surpassed 82hl/ha

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128
Q

What is the average vine age in Champagne?

A

20 years - as lowered productivity is undesirable to most houses in Champagne

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129
Q

Name 5 important Special Club members.

A

-Marc Hébrat
-Paul Bara
-J. Lassalle
-Gaston Chiquet
-Pierre Gimonnet

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130
Q

What are the still wine appellations of Champagne?

A

-Coteaux Champenois
-Rosé de Ricey

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131
Q

What coloring methods are permitted for pink Champagne?

A

-Saignée
-Blending (more common)

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132
Q

How many liters is a Salmanazar?

A

9L (12 bottles)

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133
Q

What does SR mean?

A

-Société de Récoltants
-A firm, not a co-operative, set up by a union of often related growers who share resources to make their wines and collectively market several brands

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134
Q

What does Pinot Noir lend to a Champagne blend?

A

Supports the wine’s structure, richness and body

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135
Q

How many bottles does a gyropalette hold?

A

504

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136
Q

From 2010 forward, producers are allowed what margin for g/l RS for styles?

A

+/- 3 g/l of RS

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137
Q

What is the wire cage used to secure the cork called?

A

Muselet

138
Q

How many g/l of RS are permitted for Sec?

A

-Pre-2010 - 17-35g/l
-Current - 17-32g/l

139
Q

At what pressure is the Charmat 2nd fermentation stopped? How?

A

-Usually 5 atmospheres
-Chilling the wine to arrest the fermentation

140
Q

Where did Otto Klaebisch, the weinführer, take residence during WWII?

A

Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin Estate

141
Q

What does CIVC stand for? When was it founded?

A

-Comité Interprofessional du Vin de Champagne
-1941, by Count Robert-Jean Vogüé of Moët et Chandon

142
Q

What are the 3 extractions in the pressing process called?

A

-Vin de cuvée
-Vin de taille
-Rebêche

143
Q

What are the Grand Crus of Montagne de Reims (north to south)?

A

-Sillery
-Puisieulx
-Beaumont-sur-Vesle
-Verzenay
-Mailly
-Verzy (added in 1985)
-Louvois
-Bouzy
-Ambonnay

144
Q

How many g/l of RS is permitted for Brut?

A

-Pre-2010 - 0-15g/l
-Current - 0-12g/l

145
Q

How many liters is the extraordinarily rare Primat? What is it also known as?

A

-AKA Goliath
-27L (36 bottles)

146
Q

How long is Asti DOCG required to remain in tank?

A

1 month

147
Q

What two premier crus have a 99% ranking échelle?

A

-Mareuil-sur-Aÿ (Vallée de la Marne)
-Tauxières (Montagne de Reims)

148
Q

Is a dosage allowed for méthode ancestrale wines?

A

No, RS of the finished wines vary by appellation

149
Q

What is rebêche?

A

-The third extraction
-Required by law and must comprise 1-10% of the total pressing
-Used for distillate

150
Q

What is the Échelle de Crus?

A

-A percentile system by which the villages, or crus, of Champagne are rated
-Grand Cru = 100%
-Premier Cru = 99-90%

151
Q

What does RM mean?

A

-Récoltant Manipulant
-A grower-producer who makes Champagne from estate-grown fruit

152
Q

Who released the first brut Champagne? When?

A

-Pommery “Nature”
-1874

153
Q

When is the additional acreage added to Champagne forecasted to affect sales?

A

2021

154
Q

What grape is prominent in the Montagne de Reims?

A

Pinot Noir

155
Q

How many liters is a Jeroboam?

A

3L (4 bottles)

156
Q

Name 3 examples of Méthode Ancestrale.

A

-Bugey de Cerdon
-Clairette de Die Méthode Dioise Ancestrale
-Gaillac Mousseux Méthode Gaillaçoise

157
Q

Who were the major suppliers to domestic markets in France in the 2nd half the 20th century?

A

Co-ops

158
Q

When did Champagne receive AOC status? What is unique about Champagne’s AOC status?

A

-1936
-It is the only AOC/AOP that does not need to be included on the label

159
Q

What are the Grand Crus of the Côte de Blancs (North to South)?

A

-Chouilly (White grapes, added in 1985)
-Oiry (1985)
-Cramant
-Avize
-Oger (1985)
-Le Mesnil-sur-Oger (1985)

160
Q

What does Pinot Meunier mean?

A

“Miller’s” Pinot - in reference to the dusty leaves

161
Q

What is “pointage”?

A

A brisk shake to prevent the sediment from sticking to the sides of the bottle during remuage
-Newer strains generally preclude the need

162
Q

What important houses were founded in the 18th century?

A

-Ruinart
-Taittinger
-Moët et Chandon
-Delamotte
-Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin

163
Q

What is the name of the Veuve Clicquot?

A

Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin

164
Q

Name 2 wineries leading the way in England sparkling wine.

A

Located in Sussex
-Ridgeview Estate
-Nyetimber

165
Q

How long does the 2nd fermentation last?

A

Up to 8 weeks

166
Q

Name 4 Champagne producers that disgorge late.

A

-Bollinger “RD” (Récemment Dégorge)
-Jacquesson “DT” (Dégorgement Tardif)
-Dom Pérignon “Oenotheque”
-Bruno Paillard

167
Q

What is a half bottle called?

A

Demi

168
Q

How many liters is the extraordinarily rare Sovereign?

A

25 L (33.33 bottles)

169
Q

Tete de cuvée of Canad Duchene

A

Charles VII brut

170
Q

Tete de cuvée of Charles Heidsieck

A

Charlie, Blanc des Millenaires

171
Q

Tete de cuvée of De Castellane

A

Cuvee Commador (No longer produced)

172
Q

Tete de cuvée of Delamotte

A

Nicolas Louis Delamotte

173
Q

Tete de cuvée of Deutz (3)

A

Cuvée William Deutz Rose, Cuvée William Deutz, Amour de Deutz

174
Q

Tete de cuvée of Devaux

A

Cuvée distinction

175
Q

Tete de cuvée of Drappier
Monoparcel wine of Drappier

A

Charles de Gaulle; Grande Sendree

176
Q

Tete de cuvée of Duval-Leroy

A

Femme de Champagne

177
Q

Monoparcel wine of Egly Ouriet

A

Les Crayeres

178
Q

Tete de cuvée of G. H. Mumm

A

Rene lalou

179
Q

Tete de cuvée of Gosset (2)

A

Celebris

180
Q

Tete de cuvée of Heidsick Monopole

A

Diamant Bleu

181
Q

Tete de cuvée of Henri Abele (2)

A

Soirees Parisiennes, La souriere de Reims

182
Q

Tete de cuvée of Herriot

A

Cuvée des enchanteleurs

183
Q

Tete de cuvée of Jacquart (2)

A

Cuvee Alpha, Brut de Nominee (discontinued)

184
Q

Tete de cuvée of Jacques Selosse

A

Substance NV

185
Q

Tete de cuvée of Joseph Perrier

A

Cuvée Josephine

186
Q

Monoparcel wines of Krug (2)

A

Clos du Mesnil, Clos d’ambonnay

187
Q

Tete de cuvée of Lanson

A

Noble cuvée

188
Q

Monoparcel wines of Larmandier Bernier (2)

A

VV de Cramant, Terre de Vertus

189
Q

Tete de cuvée of Laurent Perrier (2)

A

Grand siecle, grand siecle Alexandra rose

190
Q

Tete de cuvée of Louis Roederer

A

Cristal

191
Q

Tete de cuvée of Mercier

A

Cuvée Eugene

192
Q

Tete de cuvée of Moët & Chandon (2)

A

Dom perignon, Dom perignon rose

193
Q

Tete de cuvée of Nicolas Feuillate

A

Palm d’or rose

194
Q

Tete de cuvée of pannier

A

Egerie

195
Q

Tete de cuvée of Perrier jouet (3)

A

Belle Époque brut, Belle Époque rose, Fleur de Champange

196
Q

Monoparcel wine of Philliponnat

A

Clos des goisses

197
Q

Tete de cuvée of Pierre Gimonnet

A

Gastronome

198
Q

Tete de cuvée of Piper Heidsieck

A

Rare

199
Q

Tete de cuvée of pol roger

A

Cuvée sir Winston Churchill

200
Q

Tete de cuvée of Pommery (2)

A

Cuvée Louise, cuvée Louise rose

201
Q

Tete de cuvée of Rene Geoffrey

A

Premier cru a Cumieres

202
Q

Tete de cuvée of Ruinart Pere et Fils

A

Dom Ruinart BdB

203
Q

Tete de cuvée of Salon

A

Le mesnil

204
Q

Tete de cuvée of taittinger (2)

A

Comtes de champagne BdB, comtes de champagne rose

205
Q

Tete de cuvée of union champagne

A

(Aka de saint gall) cuvée orpale BdB

206
Q

Tete de cuvée of Veuve Clicquot (2)

A

La Grande Dame, la grande dame rose

207
Q

Extra brut

A

Pre-2010: 0-6 g/L Now: 0-6 g/L

208
Q

Brut

A

Pre-2010: 0-15 g/L. Now: 0-12 g/L

209
Q

Extra dry

A

Pre-2010: 12-20 g/L. Now: 12-17 g/L

210
Q

Sec

A

Pre-2010: 17-35 g/L. Now: 17-32 g/L

211
Q

Demi sec

A

Pre-2010: 33-50 g/L. Now: 32-50 g/L

212
Q

Doux

A

Pre-2010: 50+ g/L. Now: 50+ g/L

213
Q

Piccolo

A

187 ml

214
Q

Demi

A

375 ml

215
Q

Bottle

A

750 ml

216
Q

Magnum

A

1.5 L (2 bottles)

217
Q

Jeroboam

A

3 L (4 bottles)

218
Q

Methuselah

A

6L (8 bottles)

219
Q

Salmanazar

A

9L (12 bottles)

220
Q

Balthazar

A

12L (16 bottles)

221
Q

Nebuchadnezzar

A

15L (20 bottles)

222
Q

Solomon

A

18L (24 bottles)

223
Q

Non vintage NV

A

Generally brut in style, represents a house’s signature style, makes up 3/4 of the market

224
Q

Vintage

A

100% from stated vintage but max 80% of a years harvest may be sold as vintage.

225
Q

Blanc de Blancs

A

100% Chardonnay. Very age worthy

226
Q

Blanc de noirs

A

White wine from black grapes. Usually display richness, intensity, and weight although can lack finesse

227
Q

Prestige cuvée

A

Aka tete de cuvée. Finest and most expensive bottling that a house offers. Typically vintage dated and aged for a number of years before release. Many undergo more traditional vinification techniques

228
Q

Single vineyard

A

Not required to carry a vintage, although many do. The style represents a stark departure from the blending philosophy of the region.

229
Q

Special club

A

Originated in 1971 with a dozen grower-producers. They are now 24 RM which offer estate bottled, vintage dated wines that represent the pinnacle of each individual growers style. All special club bottles and labels share an identical designs.

230
Q

Rose

A

The traditional saignee method is less common than blending. Champagne is the only AOP in France that allows a rosé wine to be made by blending red and white wine.

231
Q

Saignee method

A

Wine gains its hue through extended skin contact.

232
Q

Remuage

A

Aka riddling, developed by Madame Barbe-Nicole Ponsardin, of veuve clicquot. Allows sediment to easily be removed from a bottle during disgorgement.

233
Q

CIVC

A

Comite Interprofessional de Vin de Champagne. Established in 1941 by Count Robert-Jean de Vogue of Moët & Chandon. Helps with the complex mediation between large houses and smaller growers.

234
Q

Climate

A

Atlantic influenced. Cold continental. Coldest/ wettest wine region in the world.

235
Q

Soil(s)

A

Porous belemnite chalk is at the surface of the slopes. Micraster chalk characterizes the valley vineyards. A thin layer of clay and sand cover much of the chalk. But in the Aube clay is the dominate soil type.

236
Q

Belemnite chalk

A

Derived from fossilized remains of millions of extinct Cephalopods and has a high limestone content

237
Q

Micraster chalk

A

Named for a extinct sea urchin

238
Q

Grapes permitted

A

Pinot noir, Chardonnay, Pinot meunière, Pinot blanc, Pinot Gris, arbane, petit meslier

239
Q

Elevage

A

Nv wines must age a min of 15 months from date of tirage. Vintage wines require a minimum of 36 months

240
Q

Maximum yields

A

10,400 kg/ha

241
Q

Aoc established in…

A

1936

242
Q

Where is the village of Ambonnay?

A

Montagne de Reims

243
Q

Vin de cuvee

A

The first 2,050 liters to be extracted from 4,000 kg of grapes.

244
Q

What region in France does not produce an AOP cramant?

A

Provence

245
Q

When was the CIVC formally established?

A

1941

246
Q

Mauzac is the dominant grape of which sparkling wine AOP?

A

Blanquette de limoux

247
Q

Dosage

A

An addition of sugar and wine that determines the wines final sweetness level

248
Q

What is the most southerly region?

A

The Aube

249
Q

What does RM indicate

A

The wine was produced by a grower-producer q

250
Q

Method ancestrale

A

Single fermentation begins in the tank but concludes in the bottle q

251
Q

Geographic elements

A

Most northerly wine region in France. Hilly. Ardennes hills to the east. Marne and vesle rivers to the north. Aube and seine rivers to the south.

252
Q

Vini/viti

A

High density (6-10k vines/ ha). High yields (12,500). Base ABV 9.5%. Final 12.5%

253
Q

Aging

A

NV- min 15-36 months on lees. Vintage- 36-60 months on lees. Prestige cuvée- 7-10 years on lees

254
Q

Grand crus of Cote des Blancs (N to S)

A

(East facing) chouilly, oiry, cramant, Avize, oger, le mesnil sur oger

255
Q

Grand crus of Montagne de Reims (9) (N to S)

A

Sillery, Puisieulx, Beaumont sir Vesle, Verzenay, Mailly- champagne, Verzy, Louvois, Bouzy, Ambonnay.

256
Q

Types of presses allowed

A

Pneumatic, pressoir de champagne

257
Q

3 houses known for barrel fermentation

A

Krug, Bollinger, Alfred Gratien

258
Q

Pinot noir adds:

A

Body, structure, texture, aroma, length

259
Q

Chardonnay adds:

A

Acid, elegance, toasty nutty/ vanilla flavors with age

260
Q

Pinot meunier adds:

A

Fruitiness, body, mushroom tones. It is not allowed in grand crus.

261
Q

Vallee de la Marne grand crus

A

Ay-champagne, tours sur Marne

262
Q

What does ‘echelle des crus’ mean?

A

Price and % of price the growers get for their grapes. Grand cru=100%. Premier cru=90-99%. Deuxieme cru=80-89%

263
Q

What is aspersion?

A

A viti technique. A system automatically sprays water on the vines when vineyard temperatures drop below freezing. The frost expands its energy in freezing the water, leaving the delicate shoots and buds safely cocooned in ice.

264
Q

What is a reserve wine?

A

Wine kept in reserve from previous years. Used as dosage to make younger wines richer, fuller, and more complex

265
Q

11 1er crus of Montagne de riems (94%+)

A

Billy-le-grand (95%), chigny-les-roses (94%), ludes (94%). Montbre (94%), Rilly-la-Montagne (94%), taissy (94%), tauxieres-mutry (99%), trepail (95%), trois-puits (94%), vaudemange (95%), villers-marmery (95%)

266
Q

3 1er crus of Vallee de la Marne (94%+)

A

Bisseuil (95%), dizy (95%), mareuil-sur-ay (99%),

267
Q

6 1er crus of Cote de Blancs (94%+)

A

Bergeres-les-vertus (95%), chouilly (r95%, w100%), cuis (w95%), grauves (w95%), vertus (95%), villeneunve- renneville- chevigny (95%)

268
Q

Two 1er crus rated 99%

A

Tauxieres-Mutry (Montagne de Reims). Mareuil-sur-Ay (Vallee de la Marne)

269
Q

Mousseux

A

Fully sparkling wines from a non AOP region, such as vouvray, montlouis-sur-Loire, saumur, vin de savoie, seyssel.

270
Q

Petillant

A

Lightly sparkling wines from a non AOP region, such as vouvray, montlouis-sur-Loire, saumur, vin de savoie, seyssel.

271
Q

Deblocage

A

The release of older vintages of base wines for use in assemblage

272
Q

Pointage

A

In the past during lees aging, bottles would be shaken to keep sediment from sticking to the glass

273
Q

Sur latte

A

Bottles are kept in a horizontal position prior to remuage

274
Q

Blocage

A

The reserve of base wines for the use in future vintages.

275
Q

Debourbage

A

After the pressing the juice the juice is allowed to settle at a cool temperature and the must drops out prior to remuage

276
Q

Name 5 NM producers

A

Billecart Salmon
Bollinger
Alfred Gratien
Bruno Paillard
Pol Roger

277
Q

Name 5 RM producers

A

Henri Billiot
Guy Larmandier
Jacques Selosse
Vilmart
Agrapart

278
Q

Name 2 CM producers

A

Nicolas Feuillatte
Jacquart

279
Q

Name 5 special club members

A

Paul Bara
Gaston Chiquet
Pierre Gimonnet
Henri Goutorbe
Marc Hebrart
Juillet-Lallement
Larmandier
J. Lassalle
A. Margaine
Mousse Fils

280
Q

Who makes Grand Cuvee?

A

Billecart-Salmon (‘82) (NM)

281
Q

Who makes Elisabeth Salmon Rose?

A

Billecart Salmon (‘88) (NM)

282
Q

Who makes La Grande Annee?

A

Bollinger (NM)

283
Q

Who makes ‘RD’?

A

Bollinger (NM)

284
Q

Who makes VV Francaises?

A

Bollinger (100% PN) (‘69) (NM)

285
Q

Who makes Celebris?

A

Gosset (NM)

286
Q

Who makes Cuvee Paradis?

A

Alfred Gratien (NM) (NV)

287
Q

Who makes Grand Siecle?

A

Laurent-Perriere (NM) (Usually NV)

288
Q

Who makes Nec-Plus-Ultra?

A

Bruno Paillard (‘90) (NM)

289
Q

Who makes La Grande Dame?

A

Veuve Cliquot (Brut & Rose)(‘69; ‘88) (NM)

290
Q

Who makes Cuvee Laetitia?

A

Henri Billiot (RM)

291
Q

Who makes Cuvee Julie?

A

Henri Billot (‘99) (RM)

292
Q

Who makes Cramant Grand Cru Cuvee Prestige?

A

Guy Larmandier (100% Chard) (RM)

293
Q

Who makes Substance?

A

Jacques Selosse (NV) (RM)

294
Q

Who makes Coeur de Cuvee?

A

Vilmart (‘89) (RM)

295
Q

Who makes Palmes d’or?

A

Nicolas Feuillatte (Brut & Rose) (‘89; ‘96) (CM)

296
Q

Who makes Brut de Nominee?

A

Jacquart (NV) (Vintages declared ‘85-‘90)(CM)

297
Q

Who makes Venus Brut Nature?

A

Agrapart (100% Chard) (RM)

298
Q

Who makes Clos st. Hilaire?

A

Billecart- Salmon (100% PN) (‘95) (NM)

299
Q

Who makes Cuvee Speciale les Chentillons?

A

Pierre Peters (100% Chard) (‘83) (RM)

300
Q

Name 3 other sparkling wines using traditional method.

A

Franciacorta
Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico
Cava

301
Q

Where does Roederer have a sparkling wine house in the USA?

A

Anderson Valley

302
Q

Where does Taittinger have a sparkling wine house in the USA?

A

Carneros

303
Q

Where does Moet et Chandon have a sparkling wine house in the USA?

A

Yountville

304
Q

Name a producer of Cap Classique.

A

Graham Beck

305
Q

Where is the Charmant or tank method commonly used?

A

Asti
Prosecco
German Sekt

306
Q

What are the still wines from Franciacorta DOCG zone released as?

A

Either Curtefranca DOC or Sebino IGT

307
Q

What is Ca’ del Bosco’s prestige cuvee?

A

Annamaria Clementi

308
Q

Franciacorta is made with wtih method?

A

Metodo classico

309
Q

When did Franciacorta receive DOCG status?

A

1995

310
Q

What are the grapes of Franciacorta?

A

Chardonnay, Pinot Nero and a minimum of 50% Pinot Bianco

311
Q

What are the aging requirements for Franciacorta NV?

A

18 months on lees and cannot be released until 25 months from harvest

312
Q

What is Saten?

A

A Franciacorta from only white grapes bottled at less than 5 atmospheres of pressure and brut in style

313
Q

What are the requirements for Franciacorta Rose?

A

Minimum 25% Pinot Nero and must be made by blending

314
Q

What are the requirements for Franciacorta released as Vintage?

A

(Millesimato) 37 month minimum aging before release and 85% of the grapes must come from the stated year

315
Q

What are the requirements for Franciacorta Reserva?

A

Must be vintage dated with 5 years on lees and not released until 67 months from harvest

316
Q

What are the grape requirements for Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG?

A

Must be a minimum 70% Pinot Nero and may be labeled varietally if at least 85% Pinot Nero.

317
Q

What are the aging requirements for Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG?

A

NV= 15 months on less
Vintage= 2 years on lees

318
Q

What are still wines from Oltrepo Pavese Metodo Classico DOCG released as?

A

Oltrepo Pavese DOC

319
Q

What are the two DOCG zones for Prosecco as of 2009?

A

Conefliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG and Asolo Prosecco DOCG

320
Q

What are still wines from Prosecco DOCG released as?

A

Prosecco DOCG

321
Q

What are the two styles of Prosecco?

A

Frizzante and Spumante

322
Q

What is spumante superior in Prosecco?

A

Fully sparkling iwnes that may be brut-> demi sec in style

323
Q

What is the best cru of Prosecco? What is it released as?

A

Cartizze
Released as Valdobbiadene Superiore di Cartizze

324
Q

What are the requirements for Prosecco DOCG?

A

85% minimum of stated year if released as vintage. 85% Prosecco (glera)

325
Q

German Sekt

A

Typically at Deutschner Wein level but can be QbA if from traditional grapes grown in on of the 13 anbaugebiete of Germany

326
Q

Cap Classique

A

Traditional method sparkling wine from South Africa increasingly using Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

327
Q

When was the term “methode champenoise” banned from all wines sold in the EU that were not from Champagne?

A

1985

328
Q

What are the 5 major districts of Champagne?

A

Montagne de Reims
Cote des Blancs
Valle de la Marne
The Aube (Cote de Bars)
Cote de Sezanne

329
Q

What is the primary grape variety of Montagne de Reims?

A

Pinot Noir

330
Q

What are the best villages of Montagne de Reims?

A

Ambonnay
Ay-Champagne
Bouzy
Verzenay
Verzy

331
Q

What is the primary grape variety of Cote des Blancs?

A

Chardonnay

332
Q

What are the best villages of the Cote des Blancs?

A

Cramant
Avize
le Mesnil sur Oger

333
Q

What is the primary grape variety of the Valle de la Marne?

A

Pinot Meunier

334
Q

What are the best villages of the Valle de la Marne?

A

Mareuil sur Ay (PN)
Dizy (PN/PM)
Hautvillers (PN/PM)
Cumieres (PM)
Leuvrigny (PM)
Ste-Gemme (PM)

335
Q

What is the primary grape of the Aube?

A

Pinot Noir

336
Q

What is the best village of the Aube?

A

les Riceys

337
Q

What is the primary grape variety of the Cote de Sezanne?

A

Chardonnay

338
Q

What are the best villages of the Cote de Sezanne?

A

Bethon
Villenauxe-la-Grande

339
Q

Where is Champagne?

A

It is the most northerly wine producing region in France, about 90 miles northeast of Paris.

340
Q

What is the climate of Champagne?

A

Cold and wet northern climate that is greatly influenced by the Atlantic, which has a cooling effect on the summer and makes seasons more variable. Frost is a major problem during spring and fall.

Advanced Somm (25 decks)

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